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Question paper · UP PGT

UP PGT 2016 — Instrumental Music (Series A)

1 or 2 February 2019125 questions+3.4 for a correct answer, −0 for a wrong one

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Questions from the U.P. Secondary Education Services Selection Board’s paper of 1 or 2 February 2019. Each question’s answer is under it, hidden until you open it, and the full answer key is at the end. Take the paper as a timed practice test to be scored.

The official booklet is a scan with no text, so ExamBharo typed this paper from it by hand. A typing slip is possible; report one through the contact page.

Instrumental Music

1. Dwishrutik swar from the following is
- (a) Shadaj
- (b) Pancham
- (c) Madhyam
- (d) Gandhar
Show answer
Answer: (d)
2. Tilwaada Taal is used in
- (a) Dhamar
- (b) Thumri
- (c) Bada khyal
- (d) Chota khyal
Show answer
Answer: (c)
3. The note which is used in both form in Miyan Malhar
- (a) Ga
- (b) Ma
- (c) Dha
- (d) Ni
Show answer
Answer: (d)
4. To write or speak 7 matras in 4 matras is
- (a) Aad
- (b) Poungun
- (c) Kuaad
- (d) Viaad
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Answer: (d)
5. The number of Jaatis in Karnatik Taal System are
- (a) 3
- (b) 4
- (c) 5
- (d) 6
Show answer
Answer: (c)
6. The artist conferred with ‘Bharat Ratna’ is
- (a) Ustd. Bismillah Khan
- (b) Pt. Jasraj
- (c) Pt. Nikhil Banerjee
- (d) Ustaad Vilayat Khan
Show answer
Answer: (a)
7. Number of stages used by Bharat in ‘Sarana’ system
- (a) 7
- (b) 22
- (c) 9
- (d) 4
Show answer
Answer: (d)
8. Raag Tarangini is written by
- (a) Jaydev
- (b) Lochan
- (c) Ahobal
- (d) Matang
Show answer
Answer: (b)
9. Jaijaiwanti is an example for
- (a) Sandhi prakash Raag
- (b) Paramela praveshaka Raag
- (c) Midnight Raag
- (d) Noon Raag
Show answer
Answer: (b)
10. On which shruthi Bharat established the Shadaj ?
- (a) 1ˢᵗ
- (b) 2ⁿᵈ
- (c) 3ʳᵈ
- (d) 4ᵗʰ
Show answer
Answer: (d)
11. Rela is played on
- (a) Flute
- (b) Tabla
- (c) Sitar
- (d) None of these
Show answer
Answer: (b)
12. Tabla is
- (a) Tat vadya
- (b) Ghana vadya
- (c) Sushir vadya
- (d) Avanadha vadya
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Answer: (d)
13. The number of Banis in Dhrupad are
- (a) 1
- (b) 2
- (c) 3
- (d) 4
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Answer: (d)
14. Today the music heard is
- (a) Margi sangeet
- (b) Deshi sangeet
- (c) Both (A) and (B)
- (d) None of these
Show answer
Answer: (b)
15. ‘Re Ga Ga Ma Ma Pa Re. . .’ is the phrase of
- (a) Kalyan
- (b) Chhayanat
- (c) Hamir
- (d) Malhar
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Answer: (b)
16. Frequency ratio of Sa-Ma and Sa-Pa is
- (a) 3/2 and 4/3
- (b) 4/3 and 3/2
- (c) 5/4 and 6/4
- (d) 6/4 and 5/4
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Answer: (b)
17. ‘Peshkar’ is played on
- (a) Pakhavaj
- (b) Tabla
- (c) Both (A) and (B)
- (d) None of these
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Answer: (b)
18. Thaat having Re, Ga, Ma and Dha Vikrita swaras is
- (a) Bhairavi
- (b) Poorvi
- (c) Asavari
- (d) Todi
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Answer: (d)
19. The main feature of Sandhiprakash Raag is
- (a) Re and Dha-Komal
- (b) Re and Dha-Shudh
- (c) Ga and Ni-Komal
- (d) Ma and Dha-Shudh
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Answer: (a)
20. Minimum number of swar to be used in a Raag
- (a) 5
- (b) 6
- (c) 4
- (d) 7
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Answer: (a)
21. Goud Sarang belongs to
- (a) Kafi Thaat
- (b) Kalyan Thaat
- (c) Bilawal Thaat
- (d) Khamaj Thaat
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Answer: (b)
22. Who is the scholar of theoretical side in the following scholar ?
- (a) Pt. Ravishankar
- (b) Sujat Khan
- (c) Inayat Khan
- (d) Bhatkhande
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Answer: (d)
23. The number of main raags considered in Raag Raagini classification
- (a) 4
- (b) 5
- (c) 6
- (d) 7
Show answer
Answer: (c)
24. The component raags of Miyan Malhar are
- (a) Kafi and Sarang
- (b) Asavari and Sarang
- (c) Darbari and Sarang
- (d) Kafi and Khamaj
Show answer
Answer: (c)
25. In which following form of singing tabla is not played as per rules ?
- (a) Khyal
- (b) Dhrupad
- (c) Thumri
- (d) Tarana
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Answer: (b)
26. In Paluskar notation system, symbol for Khali is
- (a) 0
- (b) ×
- (c) +
- (d) ∪
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Answer: (c)
27. What is the playing time of Raag Shuddha Kalyan ?
- (a) Sayankal
- (b) Madhya Ratri
- (c) Din Ka Dusra Prahar
- (d) Ratri Ka Pratham Prahar
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Answer: (d)
28. The last avartan of chougun of Rupaktaal will start from
- (a) 6¼ matra
- (b) 6 matra
- (c) 5¼ matra
- (d) 5¾ matra
Show answer
Answer: (c)
29. Ustaad Vilayat Khan was associated with
- (a) Maihar Gharana
- (b) Gwalior Gharana
- (c) Etawa/Imdadkhani Gharana
- (d) Agra Gharana
Show answer
Answer: (c)
30. Darbari has
- (a) Aandolit Re and Dha
- (b) Aandolit Ga and Dha
- (c) Aandolit Ni and Dha
- (d) Aandolit Ga and Ni
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Answer: (b)
31. Number of Khali in Gajajhampa taal
- (a) 4
- (b) 3
- (c) 2
- (d) 1
Show answer
Answer: (d)
32. What is the name of North Indian System’s Komal Nishad in South Indian Music System ?
- (a) Kakali Nishad
- (b) Chatushrutik Dhaivat
- (c) Satshrutik Dhaivat
- (d) Panchshrutik Dhaivat
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Answer: (c)
33. In Karnatic music system the place of vikrit swar are
- (a) Higher than Shuddha Swar
- (b) Lower than Shuddha Swar
- (c) Higher or lower than Shuddha Swar
- (d) None of above
Show answer
Answer: (a)
34. In which category Raag Bahar comes ?
- (a) Uttarang
- (b) Poorvang
- (c) Parmel praveshak
- (d) Ashraya raga
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Answer: (a)
35. Which instrument is very near in structure of Sarod ?
- (a) Sarand
- (b) Sursingar
- (c) Surbeen
- (d) Sursagar
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Answer: (b)
36. Raag created by Tansen
- (a) Kalyan
- (b) Chhayanat
- (c) Bhairav
- (d) Darbari
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Answer: (d)
37. In which chapter of Sangeet Ratnakar the description of Taal is found ?
- (a) Fifth
- (b) Sixth
- (c) Third
- (d) Fourth
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Answer: (a)
38. Maximum number of thaats possible in Hindusthani Music
- (a) 30
- (b) 32
- (c) 72
- (d) 10
Show answer
Answer: (b)
39. Number of Grama
- (a) 3
- (b) 5
- (c) 6
- (d) 7
Show answer
Answer: (a)
40. Maseetkhani Gat starts from the matra
- (a) 9ᵗʰ
- (b) 12ᵗʰ
- (c) 13ᵗʰ
- (d) 8ᵗʰ
Show answer
Answer: (b)
41. Mridangacharya is
- (a) Samata Prasad
- (b) Kishan Maharaj
- (c) Alla Rakha
- (d) Nanasaheb Panse
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Answer: (d)
42. In which chapter of Natyashastra the wind instrument were described ?
- (a) 30
- (b) 31
- (c) 32
- (d) 33
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Answer: (a)
43. ‘Pa Re’ phrase is not used in
- (a) Chhayanat
- (b) Jaijaiwanti
- (c) Goud Sarang
- (d) Kamod
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Answer: (d)
44. The raag including Komal Rishabh, Tivra Madhyam and excluding Pancham is called
- (a) Marwa
- (b) Todi
- (c) Gurjari Todi
- (d) Yamani Bilawal
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Answer: (a)
45. Guru of Tansen is
- (a) Haridas
- (b) Pagal Das
- (c) Tanras
- (d) Amir Khusro
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Answer: (a)
46. ‘Jaati Lakshan’ considered by Bharat are
- (a) 12
- (b) 8
- (c) 10
- (d) 13
Show answer
Answer: (c)
47. Adhwadarshak swar is
- (a) Sa
- (b) Pa
- (c) Ma
- (d) Ga
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Answer: (c)
48. Pitch of a swar is dependent on
- (a) Frequency
- (b) Wavelength
- (c) Volume
- (d) Intensity
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Answer: (a)
49. The taal used in Tappa is
- (a) Deepchandi
- (b) Tappa taal
- (c) Dadara
- (d) Keharawa
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Answer: (b)
50. This is played in vilambit
- (a) Jhala
- (b) Jod
- (c) Rajakhani Gat
- (d) Alaap
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Answer: (d)
51. Ustaad Abdul Karim Khan is from
- (a) Gwalior Gharana
- (b) Kirana Gharana
- (c) Agra Gharana
- (d) Jaipur Gharana
Show answer
Answer: (b)
52. Who belongs to different Gharana ?
- (a) Pt. Ravishankar
- (b) Ustaad Ali Akbar Khan
- (c) Ustaad Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan
- (d) Nikhil Banerjee
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Answer: (c)
53. Which of the following Raag has the same swar as Bhoopali ?
- (a) Shudh Kalyan
- (b) Des
- (c) Desi
- (d) Deshkar
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Answer: (d)
54. Ghaseet is played on
- (a) Tabla
- (b) Pakhavaj
- (c) Sitar
- (d) Dholak
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Answer: (c)
55. is the phrase of
- (a) Kalyan
- (b) Bhoopali
- (c) Shudh Kalyan
- (d) Chhayanat
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Answer: (c)
56. In how many beats the one cycle chaugun of Dhamaar taal will come ?
- (a) 3½
- (b) 4½
- (c) 5½
- (d) 7½
Show answer
Answer: (a)
57. The first Avartan of Dugun of Adachartal will end on
- (a) 7⅓ matra
- (b) 7 matra
- (c) 4⅔ matra
- (d) 4¾ matra
Show answer
Answer: (b)
58. Specific rules of Alaap in ancient period were called
- (a) Rupakalap
- (b) Alaaptigaan
- (c) Swasthan Niyam
- (d) Tirobhav
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Answer: (c)
59. In Karnataki (Southern) taal system this is not in use
- (a) Sam
- (b) Khali
- (c) Taali
- (d) Matra
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Answer: (b)
60. In comparison to Rajakhani Gat the time interval between the beats of Masitkhani Gat is
- (a) More
- (b) Less
- (c) Equal
- (d) Indefinite
Show answer
Answer: (a)
61. The Thaat of Raag Hindol is
- (a) Bilawal Thaat
- (b) Kalyan Thaat
- (c) Todi Thaat
- (d) Purvi Thaat
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Answer: (b)
62. The main bols in Sitar are
- (a) 2
- (b) 3
- (c) 6
- (d) 7
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Answer: (a)
63. Types of Naad are
- (a) 7
- (b) 2
- (c) 3
- (d) 4
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Answer: (b)
64. Vikrit Swaras used in Poorvi Thaat are
- (a) Re Ma Dha
- (b) Re Ga Dha
- (c) Ga Dha Ni
- (d) Re
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Answer: (a)
65. Characters of Naad are
- (a) Pitch, Volume, Timbre
- (b) Pitch, Moisture
- (c) Volume, Frequency
- (d) None of these
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Answer: (a)
66. The Taal used in Semiclassical Music is
- (a) Tivra
- (b) Deepchandi
- (c) Jhoomra
- (d) Dhamar
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Answer: (b)
67. How many divisions are in Brahm Taal ?
- (a) 12
- (b) 13
- (c) 14
- (d) 15
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Answer: (c)
68. In Shadaj Gram on which no. of Shruti pancham is established by Bharat ?
- (a) 16ᵗʰ
- (b) 17ᵗʰ
- (c) 18ᵗʰ
- (d) 15ᵗʰ
Show answer
Answer: (b)
69. The total number of swaras are in one saptak
- (a) 7
- (b) 22
- (c) 12
- (d) 9
Show answer
Answer: (c)
70. The number of Vibhag in Lakshmi Taal
- (a) 4
- (b) 8
- (c) 15
- (d) 18
Show answer
Answer: (d)
71. Ahmad Jan Thirakuwa is associated with
- (a) Tabla
- (b) Pakhavaj
- (c) Sitar
- (d) Sarod
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Answer: (a)
72. ‘Tivra, Kumudwati, Manda, Chandovati . . .’ are the names of
- (a) Thaats
- (b) Raags
- (c) Shruthis
- (d) Alankaars
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Answer: (c)
73. In Karnatic (Southern) system, mainly how many Taals are considered ?
- (a) 7
- (b) 12
- (c) 35
- (d) 5
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Answer: (a)
74. The number of ‘Vibhag’ in Ektaal
- (a) 6
- (b) 5
- (c) 7
- (d) 2
Show answer
Answer: (a)
75. Ustaad Zakir Hussain belongs to
- (a) Punjab Gharana
- (b) Delhi Gharana
- (c) Ajarada Gharana
- (d) Benaras Gharana
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Answer: (a)
76. Which of the following Taal has equal divisions of matras ?
- (a) Deepchandi
- (b) Dhamar
- (c) Chartaal
- (d) Jhumra
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Answer: (c)
77. The number of parts in Dhrupad bandishes
- (a) 2
- (b) 3
- (c) 4
- (d) 5
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Answer: (c)
78. Poorvang Pradhan Raag is
- (a) Darbari
- (b) Basant
- (c) Jaunpuri
- (d) Hindol
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Answer: (a)
79. Sangeet Parijata is written by
- (a) Ahobal
- (b) Lochan
- (c) Shreenivas
- (d) Matang
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Answer: (a)
80. What is the name of sixth string of sitar ?
- (a) Jodi
- (b) Chikari
- (c) Baj
- (d) Pancham
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Answer: (b)
81. The number of chapter in ‘Natyashastra’ by Bharat
- (a) 35
- (b) 36
- (c) 40
- (d) 42
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Answer: (b)
82. In which raag both Ma are not used ?
- (a) Kedar
- (b) Hamir
- (c) Ramkali
- (d) Puriya Dhanashree
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Answer: (d)
83. Which two swara are not used in Raag Hindol ?
- (a) Re-Pa
- (b) Ma-Ni
- (c) Ga-Da
- (d) Ma-Ga
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Answer: (a)
84. The real name of ‘Sadarang’ is
- (a) Niyamat Khan
- (b) Nisar Khan
- (c) Noubat Khan
- (d) Hyder Khan
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Answer: (a)
85. Thaat system of classification was introduced by
- (a) Paluskar
- (b) Bhatkhande
- (c) Sadarang
- (d) Pt. Khare
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Answer: (b)
86. Which of the following raag has Chanchal nature ?
- (a) Pilu
- (b) Poorvi
- (c) Darbari
- (d) Bhairav
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Answer: (a)
87. Number of Khali in Brahma taal
- (a) 5
- (b) 4
- (c) 3
- (d) 2
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Answer: (b)
88. Kampita, Aandolita, Sphurita are the names of
- (a) Shruti
- (b) Gamaks
- (c) Taans
- (d) Alankars
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Answer: (b)
89. In Bhatkhande notation system, symbol for taali is
- (a) ×
- (b) 2, 3, 4
- (c) 0
- (d) ~
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Answer: (b)
90. Sarod belongs to
- (a) Ghana
- (b) Tat
- (c) Sushir
- (d) Avanadha
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Answer: (b)
91. Maihar Gharana was founded by
- (a) Abdul Karim Khan
- (b) Allauddin Khan
- (c) Faiyaz Khan
- (d) Haddu Khan
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Answer: (b)
92. The number of ‘Kaku’ mentioned in ‘Sangeet Ratnakar’
- (a) 3
- (b) 4
- (c) 5
- (d) 6
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Answer: (d)
93. The matras of each Vibhag in Taal Dhamar
- (a) 5 : 3 : 2 : 4
- (b) 5 : 4 : 2 : 3
- (c) 5 : 2 : 3 : 4
- (d) 5 : 4 : 3 : 2
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Answer: (c)
94. In how many categories Indian instruments are classified ?
- (a) 3
- (b) 1
- (c) 5
- (d) 4
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Answer: (d)
95. Which symbol is used to denote Khali in Vishnu Digambar Notation System ?
- (a) +
- (b)
- (c) 0
- (d) ~
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Answer: (a)
96. From the following which one is not a Thaat ?
- (a) Kalyan
- (b) Purbi
- (c) Puriya
- (d) Bhairavi
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Answer: (c)
97. The book ‘Raag Vijnan’ is written by
- (a) Paluskar
- (b) Bhatkhande
- (c) Vinayak Rao Patwardhan
- (d) Onkarnath Thakur
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Answer: (c)
98. Which is the combination representing Malhar Ang ?
- (a)
- (b) Ma Re Re Pa
- (c)
- (d)
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Answer: (b)
99. This is not played on Tabla
- (a) Gamak
- (b) Kayda
- (c) Tihai
- (d) Peshkar
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Answer: (a)
100. Taal which can be used in Vilambit, Madhya and Drut is
- (a) Tilwada
- (b) Jhoomra
- (c) Ektaal
- (d) Dadara
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Answer: (c)
101. Vaadi Swar will be in poorvaang in
- (a) Uttaraangvadi Raags
- (b) Sandhiprakash Raags
- (c) Poorvaangvaadi Raags
- (d) Paramelapraveshak Raags
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Answer: (c)
102. Total number of swar in a saptak
- (a) 7
- (b) 10
- (c) 12
- (d) 15
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Answer: (c)
103. are the phrases of
- (a) Basant
- (b) Multani
- (c) Todi
- (d) Hindol
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Answer: (c)
104. Laggi vadan is the speciality of
- (a) Punjab
- (b) Benaras
- (c) Ajarada
- (d) Lucknow
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Answer: (b)
105. Which one of the following Taal is not from seven main Taal of Karnatak Taal System ?
- (a) Muth
- (b) Roopak
- (c) Trital
- (d) Ektaal
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Answer: (c)
106. From which raag the following group of note belongs ?
- (a) Chandrakhauns
- (b) Hindol
- (c) Shuddha Kalyan
- (d) Chhayanat
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Answer: (b)
107. What is the Husband’s name of Smt. Annapurna Devi ?
- (a) Pt. Ravi Shankar
- (b) Pt. Nikhil Banerjee
- (c) Pt. Hariprasad Chaurasia
- (d) Pt. Bhimsen Joshi
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Answer: (a)
108. Hindol is
- (a) Poorvaang pradhan Raag
- (b) Paramela praveshaka Raag
- (c) Uttaraang pradhan Raag
- (d) Sandhi prakash Raag
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Answer: (c)
109. The number of ‘Chala swaras’ are
- (a) 7
- (b) 5
- (c) 2
- (d) 4
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Answer: (b)
110. Which of the following is not a 16 matra taal ?
- (a) Teen taal
- (b) Tilwada
- (c) Jat taal
- (d) Shikhar taal
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Answer: (d)
111. In Tanpura last string is tuned to
- (a) Madhya Sa
- (b) Mandra Pa
- (c) Mandra Ma
- (d) Mandra Sa
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Answer: (d)
112. Number of Taalis in Ektaal
- (a) 3
- (b) 2
- (c) 4
- (d) 1
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Answer: (c)
113. This is played in second phase of day
- (a) Bhairav
- (b) Madhuvanti
- (c) Jaunpuri
- (d) Marwa
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Answer: (c)
114. Who is the son of Vilayat Khan ?
- (a) Shahid Parvez
- (b) Imrat Khan
- (c) Hidayat Khan
- (d) Imdad Khan
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Answer: (c)
115. Both forms of Ni are used in
- (a) Bhairav
- (b) Shudh Kalyan
- (c) Miyan Malhar
- (d) Darbari
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Answer: (c)
116. Tilak Kamod is a
- (a) Shudh Raag
- (b) Chayalag Raag
- (c) Sankeerna Raag
- (d) Serious Raag
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Answer: (b)
117. Sitar has originated from
- (a) Rudra Veena
- (b) Sehtar
- (c) Vichitra Veena
- (d) Kinnari Veena
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Answer: (b)
118. In how many beats the one cycle tigun of Jhaptaal will come ?
- (a) 3⅓
- (b) 3⅔
- (c) 6⅓
- (d) 6⅔
Show answer
Answer: (a)
119. What is full name of A. R. Qureshi ?
- (a) Ahmad Jan Thirakuwa
- (b) Lateef Ahmad Khan
- (c) Alla Rakha
- (d) Lacchu Maharaj
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Answer: (c)
120. ₉Tit/₁₀Kat gadi gan is a part of which Taal ?
- (a) Pancham Savari
- (b) Rudra
- (c) Shikhar Taal
- (d) Ganesh Taal
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Answer: (d)
121. The father’s name of Pt. Kishan Maharaj
- (a) Shubh Maharaj
- (b) Vishnu Maharaj
- (c) Shambhu Maharaj
- (d) Hari Maharaj
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Answer: (d)
122. ‘Tivra Ma’ is more seen in
- (a) Night Raags
- (b) Morning Raags
- (c) Seasonal Raags
- (d) None of these
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Answer: (a)
123. The Granth having seven chapters is
- (a) Natyashastra
- (b) Sangeet Ratnakar
- (c) Geet Govind
- (d) Swaramela Kalanidhi
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Answer: (b)
124. In music, time is measured through
- (a) Swar
- (b) Raag
- (c) Taal
- (d) Shruti
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Answer: (c)
125. Which instrument has no frets ?
- (a) Israj
- (b) Dilruba
- (c) Sur Singar
- (d) Surbahar
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Answer: (c)

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Answer key

Answer key from the U.P. Secondary Education Services Selection Board’s official answer key for this sitting. “—” means the key gave none: the question was deleted.

Instrumental Music

Q 1: (d)
Q 2: (c)
Q 3: (d)
Q 4: (d)
Q 5: (c)
Q 6: (a)
Q 7: (d)
Q 8: (b)
Q 9: (b)
Q 10: (d)
Q 11: (b)
Q 12: (d)
Q 13: (d)
Q 14: (b)
Q 15: (b)
Q 16: (b)
Q 17: (b)
Q 18: (d)
Q 19: (a)
Q 20: (a)
Q 21: (b)
Q 22: (d)
Q 23: (c)
Q 24: (c)
Q 25: (b)
Q 26: (c)
Q 27: (d)
Q 28: (c)
Q 29: (c)
Q 30: (b)
Q 31: (d)
Q 32: (c)
Q 33: (a)
Q 34: (a)
Q 35: (b)
Q 36: (d)
Q 37: (a)
Q 38: (b)
Q 39: (a)
Q 40: (b)
Q 41: (d)
Q 42: (a)
Q 43: (d)
Q 44: (a)
Q 45: (a)
Q 46: (c)
Q 47: (c)
Q 48: (a)
Q 49: (b)
Q 50: (d)
Q 51: (b)
Q 52: (c)
Q 53: (d)
Q 54: (c)
Q 55: (c)
Q 56: (a)
Q 57: (b)
Q 58: (c)
Q 59: (b)
Q 60: (a)
Q 61: (b)
Q 62: (a)
Q 63: (b)
Q 64: (a)
Q 65: (a)
Q 66: (b)
Q 67: (c)
Q 68: (b)
Q 69: (c)
Q 70: (d)
Q 71: (a)
Q 72: (c)
Q 73: (a)
Q 74: (a)
Q 75: (a)
Q 76: (c)
Q 77: (c)
Q 78: (a)
Q 79: (a)
Q 80: (b)
Q 81: (b)
Q 82: (d)
Q 83: (a)
Q 84: (a)
Q 85: (b)
Q 86: (a)
Q 87: (b)
Q 88: (b)
Q 89: (b)
Q 90: (b)
Q 91: (b)
Q 92: (d)
Q 93: (c)
Q 94: (d)
Q 95: (a)
Q 96: (c)
Q 97: (c)
Q 98: (b)
Q 99: (a)
Q 100: (c)
Q 101: (c)
Q 102: (c)
Q 103: (c)
Q 104: (b)
Q 105: (c)
Q 106: (b)
Q 107: (a)
Q 108: (c)
Q 109: (b)
Q 110: (d)
Q 111: (d)
Q 112: (c)
Q 113: (c)
Q 114: (c)
Q 115: (c)
Q 116: (b)
Q 117: (b)
Q 118: (a)
Q 119: (c)
Q 120: (d)
Q 121: (d)
Q 122: (a)
Q 123: (b)
Q 124: (c)
Q 125: (c)