CTET Paper I — 1 March 2026 (Set L)

1. At which level of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning, children typically do not fully understand rules set down by others and society ?

• (a) Pre‑operational level
• (b) Conventional level
• (c) Pre‑conventional level
• (d) Post‑operational level

2. A constructivist classroom implies :

• (a) Emphasis on the role of teacher as an instructor.
• (b) Using multiple pedagogical strategies.
• (c) Focus on reproduction of knowledge.
• (d) Viewing learning as a passive process.

3. According to Lev Vygotsky’s theory, what is meant by the term ‘scaffolding’ ?

• (a) A strategy in which a more knowledgeable person provides support and guidance to help a less knowledgeable person learn a new skill or concept.
• (b) A resource material that aids in better recall of concepts.
• (c) A metaphorical term for when students are left to learn on their own.
• (d) A measurement tool used to assess a student’s cognitive development.

4. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : At any age, the teacher should focus on what the child cannot do rather than what they can do with help or support. Reason (R) : Lev Vygotsky proposed that learning should include only those behaviours that the child can do independently.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) false.

5. What should be the purposes of assessement ? (i) To analyze students’ responses to find out what they know and understand (ii) To identify gaps in knowledge (iii) To identify effective learning activities (iv) To assign comparative marks to students Choose the correct option :

• (a) (ii) (iii) and (iv)
• (b) (i) (iii) and (iv)
• (c) (i) and (ii)
• (d) (i) (ii) and (iii)

6. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Self‑regulation and impulse control should be a vital component of school curriculum. Reason (R) : Socio‑emotional skills help students to regulate their own learning.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are false.

7. The processes of problem‑solving are hindered by :

• (a) Analogical thinking
• (b) Heuristics
• (c) Functional fixedness
• (d) Use of algorithms

8. Development of children is :

• (a) accurately predictable
• (b) a simple unitary process
• (c) a unified process
• (d) disorderly and erratic

9. Growth of the body and brain, sensory capabilities and motor skills are a part of :

• (a) Sensory motor development
• (b) Cognitive development
• (c) Physical development
• (d) Social development

10. Which of the following factors contribute to growth and development during early childhood ? (i) Cultural practices (ii) Nutrition (iii) Play opportunities (iv) Quality of education Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i) and (ii) only
• (b) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
• (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only
• (d) (ii) and (iii) only

11. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : To ensure assessment for learning, teacher‑made tasks should be included for providing feedback to support student learning rather than the use of standardised outcome performances. Reason (R) : Standardized tests are more aligned with the assessment of learning rather than assessment for learning.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are false.

12. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Teachers should not associate learning with strict discipline because children do not learn effectively in an environment of fear and stress. Reason (R) : Early childhood is a sensitive period for the development of language.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (b) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

13. According to Jean Piaget, intelligence is the ability to make changes in __________, the basic building blocks for learning.

• (a) Cognitive maps
• (b) Schemas
• (c) Concepts
• (d) Associations

14. Which of the following statements about gifted children is correct ?

• (a) Gifted children come up with novel and original solutions to given problems.
• (b) Gifted children excel in all areas of academics as well as in extra‑curricular activities.
• (c) Gifted children have superior academic, social as well as emotional skills.
• (d) Gifted children have a high degree of mental ability in specific domain of knowledge.

15. Constructivist approaches of knowledge construction encourage students to :

• (a) Rote‑memorize the content.
• (b) Interact and collaborate with peers.
• (c) Follow singular way of solving a problem.
• (d) Cast‑off their cultural understandings.

16. In Jean Piaget’s theory, intelligence is about the development of :

• (a) Ability to use cultural tools
• (b) Control over one’s basic instincts
• (c) Emotional maturity
• (d) Cognitive schemas

17. Early symptoms of cerebral palsy can be identified by long delay in _____________.

• (a) reading and writing
• (b) understanding and comprehension
• (c) visual recognition of objects
• (d) fine motor and gross motor skills

18. Which of the following age‑group corresponds to middle childhood ?

• (a) 12 – 16 years
• (b) 3 – 5 years
• (c) 6 – 11 years
• (d) Birth to 2 years

19. Dyslexia is a ___________.

• (a) Developmental autoimmune disorder
• (b) Developmental reading disorder
• (c) Developmental writing disorder
• (d) Developmental motor disorder

20. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Effective teaching involves presenting information to students in an organized manner and provide opportunities for discussion. Reason (R) : Learning is primarily a process of memorization and reproduction of information.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are false.

21. In order to nurture critical thinking skills among students, a teacher should design and deliver activities which demand : (i) Logical reasoning and analysis. (ii) Mere retrieval of previously learnt concepts. (iii) Rote rehearsal and memorization. (iv) Synthesis and evaluation of information. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i) and (ii)
• (b) (i) and (iv)
• (c) (ii) and (iii)
• (d) (ii) and (iv)

22. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Inclusion incorporates acceptance of differences and ensuring that all forms of exclusion are removed. Reason (R) : Diversity should be valued rather than looking at it as an obstacle.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are false.

23. How should a teacher deal with students who are distracted in her class ?

• (a) Call the parents and threaten to give severe punishment to the children
• (b) Divide the class into manageable groups and let them learn cooperatively
• (c) Offer material rewards for every class that they are attentive in
• (d) Give them severe punishment

24. Learned patterns of culturally approved masculine and feminine behaviours are referred to as ‘Gender ____________’.

• (a) constancy
• (b) roles
• (c) stereotypes
• (d) bias

25. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Children’s development is a direct result of unfolding of genetic codes. Reason (R) : Childhood is a natural biological stage of development.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (b) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

26. Children demonstrate ___________ when they add the new schema for recognizing ‘horses’ to their other systems for identifying animals.

• (a) Assimilation
• (b) Metacognition
• (c) Scaffolding
• (d) Accommodation

27. Which of the following is an effective teaching strategy for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ?

• (a) Giving tasks that require multi‑tasking
• (b) Scheduling long and non‑stop lectures
• (c) Using visual aids and hands‑on activities
• (d) Providing constant critical verbal feedback

28. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Teachers in middle classes often have different expectations from boys and girls. Reason (R) : Beliefs about ‘sex’ differences inform stereotypes, which often leads to just two labels

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) false.

29. Which of the following order of presenting the concepts favours effective learning ?

• (a) Abstract to concrete
• (b) Known to unknown
• (c) Complex to simple
• (d) Iconic to symbolic

30. Lev Vygotsky’s theory has been criticized for :

• (a) Giving importance to students instead of teachers in the process of learning.
• (b) Considering prominence of emotional factors in forming motivation for learning.
• (c) Overlooking the role of genetics and biology in the course of learning.
• (d) Emphasizing biological influences in the process of development at the expense of socio‑cultural factors.

31. If 1001 × 121 = 11 × 12111 – 275 ×___________, then what is the number at the blank space ?

• (a) 42
• (b) 88
• (c) 44
• (d) 22

32. In ∆ ABC, sides BC and BA are produced to D and E, respectively. If ∠ ACD = 120

• (a) 80
• (b) 75
• (c) 65
• (d) 70

34. The weight of 20 laddoos is 1 kg. If 8 laddoos can be packed in one box, then how many boxes are required to pack 50 kg laddoos ?

• (a) 100
• (b) 125
• (c) 120
• (d) 150

35. The internal length, breadth and height of a rectangular box are 12 cm, 10 cm and 7 cm, respectively. How many such boxes are needed to pack 6720 centimetre cubes ?

• (a) 8
• (b) 6
• (c) 9
• (d) 7

36. The LCM of 21, 36, and 66 is not a multiple of :

• (a) 28
• (b) 44
• (c) 72
• (d) 42

37. If 3024 = p4 × q3 × r, where p, q and r are prime numbers, then what is the value of (3p – 5q + r) ?

• (a) 2
• (b) 0
• (c) – 2
• (d) – 4 4 3

38. Which of the following statements is not true ?

• (a) Sum of two acute angles can be equal to a straight angle.
• (b) Sum of two acute angles can be equal to an obtuse angle.
• (c) Sum of two acute angles can be equal to a right angle.
• (d) Sum of an acute angle and an obtuse angle can be equal to a straight angle.

39. What is the sum of the next two numbers in the following pattern ? 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, ____, ____

• (a) 68
• (b) 69
• (c) 71
• (d) 67

40. If the number of faces and edges of a polyhedron is 5 and 8 respectively, then the number of its vertices is :

• (a) 8
• (b) 15
• (c) 10
• (d) 5

41. The following table shows the number of students in School ABC, present on different days of a week. Study the table and answer the question : Days Number of students present Monday 382 Tuesday 390 Wednesday 405 Thursday 411 Friday 388 The total number of students present on Tuesday and Thursday exceeds the total number of students present on Monday and Friday by :

• (a) 33
• (b) 32
• (c) 37
• (d) 31

42. If 112 ones + 12 thousands – 11012 = □ × 25, then the number in the place of □ is :

• (a) 44
• (b) 52
• (c) 54
• (d) 42

43. Which of the following statements is/are true ? (i) 2 The number of minutes in 6 days is equal to number of seconds in 2 hours. 5 ​ (ii) The number of minutes in 10 days is equal to the number of minutes in 120 hours. (iii) The number of seconds in 2 hours is equal to the number of minutes in 5 days. (iv) The number of hours in 5 days is equal to the number of seconds in 2 minutes. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i) and (iii) only
• (b) (iii) only
• (c) (i), (iii) and (iv)
• (d) (ii) and (iii) only

44. The cost of 8 pens is ₹ 116 and the cost of 15 pencils is ₹ 67·50. Surbhi has one ₹ 200 note. If she buys 6 pens and 8 pencils, then how many rupees are left with her ?

• (a) ₹ 80
• (b) ₹ 70
• (c) ₹ 74
• (d) ₹ 77

45. The difference between the remainder obtained on dividing 2002 by 101 and dividing 2201 by 102 lies between :

• (a) 15 and 20
• (b) 30 and 35
• (c) 20 and 25
• (d) 25 and 30

46. A student has solved the problem on subtraction in the following way : 604 ​ – 86 ​ 524 Choose the most apropriate option in the light of solution given by the student :

• (a) The student does not know how to do subtraction of two numbers.
• (b) The student has extended the algorithm of addition to subtraction.
• (c) The student has done a careless mistake.
• (d) The student has regrouped both the places of tens and ones as ‘10’.

47. Who is the inventor of Multi‑base Arithmetic Blocks (MAB)

• (a) Van Hiele
• (b) Magdalene Lampert
• (c) Hans Freudenthal
• (d) Zoltán Dienes

48. National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP 2020) does not lay emphasis on ____________.

• (a) Learning through activities
• (b) Conceptual understanding
• (c) Experiential learning
• (d) Rote learning

50. Identify the most appropriate strategy to introduce the concept of multiplication at primary level.

• (a) They should be introduced to multiplication symbol.
• (b) Children need to be given ample
• (c) Children should be told to memorize multiplication tables till 20.
• (d) They should be told to practice at least 10 multiplication problems every day.

51. If a line is transversal to three lines, then how many angles will be formed ?

• (a) 9
• (b) 3
• (c) 12
• (d) 6

52. A primary class mathematics teacher gave his students the following problem to solve : “If the price of one toy car is ₹ 50, then what would be the cost of 25 such toy cars ?” One of the students responded, “Ten cars will be ₹ 500; twenty cars will be ₹ 1,000; five cars will be ₹ 250; so the total cost is ₹ 1,250.” What are the heuristics used by the student in the above algorithm ?

• (a) Decomposition and associative law
• (b) The commutative law of addition
• (c) Decomposition and repeated groupings
• (d) The associative law of multipliation

53. ‘Each prime number has only two factors.’ Which method is most appropriate to be followed to prove it in Class VI ?

• (a) Synthesis method
• (b) Inductive method
• (c) Deductive method
• (d) Analysis method

54. ‘Infinite series of π’ was invented by __________.

• (a) Ramanujan
• (b) Bhaskara I
• (c) Aryabhata
• (d) Mahavira

55. Madhu has begun to reason logically and can perform conservation‑based activities mentally. According to Jean Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development is Madhu ?

• (a) Sensori‑motor
• (b) Pre‑operational
• (c) Concrete‑operational
• (d) Formal‑operational

56. Which of the following are the misconceptions regarding Comprehensive and Continuous Evaluation (CCE) ? (i) CCE is nothing but converts marks into grades. (ii) Teachers have to give home assignment every day to assess children’s learning. (iii) It helps in reducing stress and anxiety in mathematics. (iv) In CCE, assessment is a part of teaching and learning. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i) and (ii)
• (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
• (c) (iv) only
• (d) (iii) and (iv)

57. Which of the following represents a non‑traditional view of mathematics education at primary level ?

• (a) It is a set of problems to be solved in a prescribed manner.
• (b) It is to prepare learners for higher mathematics.
• (c) It is about rules and methods of solving problems.
• (d) It is about making sense of mathematical objects, data, spatial forms and patterns.

58. Identify the statement which is not correct among the following :

• (a) Estimation is not a mathematical skill.
• (b) Mathematics is not the study of algorithms only.
• (c) Mathematics is the study of patterns.
• (d) Mathematics helps in solving problems.

59. Which of the following is not true for anecdotal records as a tool for assessment ?

• (a) Provides observational narrative records of significant incidents in a child’s life
• (b) Refers to written descriptions of a child’s progress that a teacher keeps on a daily basis
• (c) Includes many interesting classroom events
• (d) It is a collection of a child’s selected best pieces of work

60. “If the price of a shirt is ₹ 800 and the shopkeeper sells it at a discount of 16% , what will be the selling price ?” Two of the students of Class VI, answered it in the following ways : Student I : Selling price = ₹ 800 – 16% of ₹ 800 = ₹ 800 – ₹ (80 + 48) = ₹ 800 – ₹ 128 = ₹ 672 Student II : Selling price = ₹ 800 – 16% of ₹ 800 = ₹ 800 – ₹ = ₹ 800 – ₹ 8 × 16 = ₹ 800 – ₹ 128 = ₹ 672 Which of the following is most appropriate for the above situation ?

• (a) Mathematical processes used by both student I and student II are correct.
• (b) Mathematical process used by student I is incorrect.
• (c) Mathematical processes used by both student I and student II are correct, but process used by student I cannot be used in the examination.
• (d) Mathematical process used by only student II is correct.

61. When moist bread is kept in a closed container for 3 – 4 days, greenish black patches grow on bread. The greenish black patches growing on it is ___________.

• (a) Yeast
• (b) Bread Mold
• (c) Mushroom
• (d) Bacteria

62. Which of the following statements is true about weaver birds ?

• (a) The male and female weaver birds together make beautifully woven nests.
• (b) The female bird chooses the nest she likes the most and decides to lay her eggs there.
• (c) They are nocturnal birds.
• (d) They are only found in South America.

63. The bordering states of Madhya Pradesh are :

• (a) Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana
• (b) Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Bihar
• (c) Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat
• (d) Gujarat, Maharashtra, Jharkhand

64. Which one of the following products is not obtained from Petroleum ?

• (a) Wax
• (b) Kerosene oil
• (c) Grease
• (d) Jatropa oil

65. Consider the following statements and select which one of the statements is not correct.

• (a) A herd usually has 10 to 12 female elephants and young ones.
• (b) Oldest female elephant is the leader of the herd.
• (c) Male elephants leave the herd when they are 24‑25 years old.
• (d) An elephant herd has only females and baby elephants.

66. Consider the following statements : (i) Dr. Beaumont is the person who on the basis of his experiments found many secrets about digestion of food. (ii) He found that a stomach churns the food to digest it with the help of digestive juices secreted by it. (iii) He also found that the juice in our stomach is basic. (iv) Dr. Beaumont did experiments on the stomach of the same person for nineteen years. The correct statements are :

• (a) (ii) and (iv)
• (b) (i) and (ii)
• (c) (i) and (iv)
• (d) (i) and (iii)

67. Gandhiji went on a long march called ‘Dandi March’ in 1930 to break the Salt law imposed by the British. His march (yatra) was from ___________ to ___________ in Gujarat.

• (a) Dandi seashore, Ahmedabad
• (b) Gandhi Nagar, Sabarmati
• (c) Ahmedabad, Gandhi Nagar
• (d) Ahmedabad, Dandi seashore

68. Match the Classical dances with the States associated : Classical Dance State A. Bharatanatyam i. Andhra Pradesh B. Kathak ii. Kerala C. Mohiniattam iii. Uttar Pradesh D. Kuchipudi iv. Tamil Nadu Choose the correct option from the following :

• (a) A‑iii, B‑iv, C‑i, D‑ii
• (b) A‑ii, B‑i, C‑iv, D‑iii
• (c) A‑iv, B‑iii, C‑ii, D‑i
• (d) A‑i, B‑iii, C‑ii, D‑iv

69. Consider the following description of the common houses built in a part of our country : “Houses made of stones or wood with slanting roofs”. This part is :

• (a) Himachal Pradesh
• (b) Rajasthan
• (c) Assam
• (d) Ladakh

70. Which of the following are used for “Cheraw”, a special dance form of Mizoram ?

• (a) Whistle, Dhol
• (b) Bamboo sticks, Flute
• (c) Clay pots, Wooden clubs
• (d) Bamboo sticks , Drums

71. Which of the following look after and guard the ants’ nest ?

• (a) Worker Ants
• (b) Soldier Ants
• (c) Queen Ant
• (d) Pharaoh Ant

72. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Solar energy and Tidal energy are called renewable energy sources. Reason (R) : Non‑renewable energy sources take thousands of years to be renewed.

• (a) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

73. A doctor is located at X and his clinic is located at Y. Since there is no straight road between the two locations, the doctor first goes to A which is about 250 m due South of X, then goes to B which is about 400 m due East of A, then to C which is about 125 m South of B, and finally reaches the clinic at Y which is about 650 m due West of C. With respect to the clinic at Y, the actual direction of the doctor’s house at X is :

• (a) North‑West
• (b) South‑West
• (c) South‑East
• (d) North‑East

74. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Sometimes, kings got their orders inscribed so that people could see, read and obey them. Reason (A) : There are other kinds of inscriptions as well where kings and queens recorded what they did.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

75. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Bhimbetka is famous for caves and shelters. Reason (R) : These rock shelters are close to the Narmada Valley.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (c) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

76. The curriculum of EVS can be made much richer and more creative only if it is based on the principle of moving from the concrete to the abstract. Which of the following is indicating the principle of concrete to abstract in the context of learning EVS ? (i) The knowledge of the class should be linked to the children’s own life experience. (ii) The natural and social environment of the child should be explained first. (iii) Emphasis should be placed on the need to protect the child’s natural environment. (iv) Emphasis should be given on the participation of children in the knowledge construction of children. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i) only
• (b) (ii) and (iii)
• (c) (ii) only
• (d) (i) and (iv)

77. Many messages related to the environment can be given through puppets, but for this, the teacher should train the children and develop special skills. Which of the following strategies by the teacher for making puppets in the classroom can motivate the children to make puppets ? (i) Make small groups of children so that fear and hesitation can be removed from among them. (ii) Promote the development of children’s self‑confidence and positive thinking skills. (iii) Create a structured environment for the children in the classroom. (iv) Create a competitive environment for puppet making in the class. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (ii) and (iii)
• (b) (i) and (ii)
• (c) (iii) and (iv)
• (d) (i) and (iv)

78. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : In environmental studies, the actions of children are not to be judged as right/wrong. Children should get a chance to express their views, report observations and express their own experiences. Such a recommendation has been made by the National Curriculum Framework 2005 and 2023. Reason (R) : The National Curriculum Framework 2005 and 2023 recommend qualitative assessment of children.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

79. Which one of the following learning indicators is related to the “expression” area of assessment ?

• (a) Hypothesising
• (b) Prediction
• (c) Expressing ideas through pictures
• (d) Participation

80. Experiments with water develop various process skills in children. Which one of the following is not a process skill ?

• (a) Retrieving facts
• (b) Analyzing
• (c) Discussion
• (d) Drawing conclusions

81. For studying environmental issues, a teacher tells the story of the stomach of the mosquito in the words of a scientist. Which of the following is the most appropriate reason to have this story in the textbook ?

• (a) Ronald Ross got a big prize in the field of medicine in 1902.
• (b) Very small bacteria are seen with a microscope.
• (c) Malaria spreads only through mosquitoes.
• (d) Telling children what the scientific process is and after which tireless efforts the scientists complete their discovery.

82. Dev is teaching environmental issues to class V children. He takes the children of his class for field trips. For assessment of children, he seeks to use an assessment tool that clearly indicates achievement criteria in all components of children’s work of any kind, from written to oral. Which of the following is an assessment tool ?

• (a) Narratives of teachers
• (b) Rating Scale
• (c) Check‑list
• (d) Rubrics

83. Which one of the following sub‑themes related to “Food” should be most suitable for class III children ?

• (a) What carnivorous animals eat ?
• (b) From farm to market
• (c) Cooking food and eating with family
• (d) When food gets spoiled

84. A good EVS teacher always talks about environmental issues by taking examples from the children’s environment. This environment of children helps a lot in their learning. This environment of the child is ____________.

• (a) Secondary context
• (b) Natural context
• (c) Tertiary context
• (d) Primary context

85. Which of the following should be an objective of studying the environment by children ? Fill in the blanks given in this objective by choosing the appropriate options given below in the correct order : To enhance the child’s ____________ understanding and efficiency so that curiosity about ____________ facts is awakened in him, which is helpful in moving from ____________ environment to ____________ environment.

• (a) Social, Cognitive, Extended, Familial
• (b) Emotional, Natural, Cultural, Social
• (c) Cognitive, Social, Familial, Extended
• (d) Psychodynamic, Familial, Social, Natural

86. Which of the following is not the appropriate indicator for assessment in studying environmental issues ?

• (a) Observation
• (b) Remembering
• (c) Discussion
• (d) Analysis

87. Which of the following should not be the most appropriate while studying the world around as ?

• (a) Child centered approach
• (b) Development of qualities like problem solving
• (c) Development of positive attitude and values
• (d) Teacher centered approach

88. Many social issues have been kept in the NCERT Environmental Studies textbooks like who does the cleaning in the school/house, with whom the children share water/food. For such social issues, what should be the pedagogy of studying environment ? (i) The teacher should not impose his/her views on the children about what is right and what is wrong. (ii) Allow free sharing of children’s experiences and ideas. (iii) Such social issues should definitely be discussed in the class but should not be discussed too much. (iv) Children feel that such experiences have happened not only to them. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i), (iii) and (iv)
• (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
• (c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
• (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)

89. As per the theme “Travel” given in NCERT textbook, children are made to understand the technology, design, use of metals, etc. of the olden times through historical buildings. Which general objective of studying the environment is being achieved through this theme ?

• (a) Filling out the map of historical buildings
• (b) Estimating and measuring work as a preparatory step, keeping in view the development of quantitative skills in later stages
• (c) Making a report on how the survey of the buildings is done
• (d) Connecting children with the experiences of identifying directions

90. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Conversations with people with different understanding on the same subject make us feel the need to think more critically so that our knowledge is refined. Reason (R) : According to constructivism, the process of knowledge creation is basically a social process, in which the views and beliefs of others play an important role.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

91. Why was Lata frowning ?

• (a) Because she had quarrelled with her friend.
• (b) Because she had been scolded by her parents.
• (c) Because she had not done well in the examination.
• (d) Because she could not take the examination.

92. Which exam had Lata taken ?

• (a) History
• (b) French literature
• (c) English literature
• (d) Physical Science

93. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. Lata had done well in the examination. B. She feared she would be asked how she had fared in the examination at home.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) A is true but B is false.
• (d) B is true but A is false.

94. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. Some history students too were discussing their paper. B. The young man too had not fared well in his exam.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) A is true but B is false.
• (d) B is true but A is false.

97. ‘... how well she had done.’ Identify the tense of the given expression.

• (a) Simple Past Tense
• (b) Past Perfect Tense
• (c) Simple Future Tense
• (d) Present Perfect Tense

98. ‘A knot of history students ...’ What does ‘knot’ mean in this expression ?

• (a) joint
• (b) loop
• (c) string
• (d) group

99. ‘A post‑mortem of the paper was being held ...’ Identify the literary device used in the expression.

• (a) Metaphor
• (b) Hyperbole
• (c) Parallelism
• (d) Simile Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the correct/most appropriate option.

100. A classroom makes the learners notice language through various means, viz. on the wall, class library, audio and videos. This can be described as :

• (a) Language practice through senses
• (b) Language acquisition
• (c) Input‑rich environment
• (d) Language comprehension

101. Which one of the following is a characteristic of the language disorder ‘Dyslexia’ ?

• (a) Reversals in reading
• (b) Difficulty forming letter shapes
• (c) Inconsistent spacing between letters/words
• (d) Students have good verbal but poor writing skills

102. Read the following statements about reading skills. A. Reading is just the ability to decode. B. Children learn to read through involvement in the act of reading. Which of the above statements is/are True/False ?

• (a) Only A is true.
• (b) Only B is true.
• (c) Both A and B are true.
• (d) Both A and B are false.

103. The deductive approach to teaching grammar says we should first ___________.

• (a) provide practice in communication
• (b) provide practice through drills
• (c) present rules
• (d) present examples

104. In process writing approach, pre‑writing is :

• (a) One element of the writing process during which writers generate potential topics and writing ideas.
• (b) One element of the writing process during which writers consider what they have written and make changes in the content.
• (c) One element of the writing process during which writers formally share their work with a wider audience.
• (d) One element of the writing process during which writers capture preliminary ideas.

105. A child reads a storybook of her interest. This type of reading is referred to as :

• (a) Scanning
• (b) Intensive reading
• (c) Extensive reading
• (d) Skimming

106. Comprehensible input includes :

• (a) Objectives displayed in the classroom.
• (b) Grouping students appropriately.
• (c) Using a variety of techniques such as gestures, body language, pictures, and objects.
• (d) The syllabus and language objectives displayed for the parents to ensure what is being taught to their children.

107. Which of the following principles of emerging literacy is not supported by Vygotsky ?

• (a) Drill and practice
• (b) Cooperative learning
• (c) Child‑directed exploration
• (d) Adult‑guided learning

108. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Language is an effective tool for communication. Reason (R) : Language helps to convey social messages.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (b) (R) is true, but (A) is false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

109. A child reads an unseen passage. He is expected to answer the questions that follow. This type of reading is referred to as :

• (a) Extensive reading
• (b) Scanning
• (c) Skimming
• (d) Exclusive reading

110. A teacher does actions which learners follow as directed and learners are not expected to speak or use language. What is this method known as ?

• (a) Communicative approach
• (b) Total Physical Response
• (c) Imitation method
• (d) Dramatics

111. A teacher believes that free writing will help her students to strengthen their language skills. Free writing can be understood as writing that :

• (a) is planned and written for a free source, with focus on grammatically correct sentences.
• (b) is taken from any free source.
• (c) is based on free drawing.
• (d) is based on noting down everything that comes to the mind, without concern for form, style or grammar.

112. A teacher of class III gives her sudents unseen passage worksheets, writing tasks, picture description activities, recitation and storytelling by them across the term. She has recorded the performance of the learners to include in the overall performance assessment of the learners. This record of assessment is known as :

• (a) Formative assessment
• (b) Portfolio
• (c) Summative assessment
• (d) Performance

113. Which approach makes use of carefully selected and graded items ?

• (a) Structural approach
• (b) Constructivism approach
• (c) Communicative approach
• (d) Skill‑based approach

115. Who is the narrator in the poem ?

• (a) A common man
• (b) The poet
• (c) The reader
• (d) A villager

116. What was the condition of the mother ?

• (a) She had recovered from illness.
• (b) She was in acute pain.
• (c) She had high fever.
• (d) She was hale and hearty.

117. By conviction, the father was ____________.

• (a) a confirmed atheist
• (b) an upholder of reason and rationality
• (c) a devotee of God
• (d) a believer in destiny

118. The mother thanked God for ____________.

• (a) escaping the scorpion’s bite
• (b) sparing her children
• (c) being able to get a doctor in time
• (d) her quick recovery

119. Which literary device has been used in the expression : ‘to tame the poison’ ?

• (a) Oxymoron
• (b) Anaphora
• (c) Simile
• (d) Metaphor

120. Which figure of speech is there in ‘the flame feeding on my mother’ ?

• (a) Irony
• (b) Alliteration
• (c) Simile
• (d) Personification

121. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Learners of second language take more time to develop basic interpersonal communicative skills than cognitive academic language proficiency. Reason (R) : Conversational proficiency is more context‑embedded than academic proficiency.

• (a) (R) is true, but (A) is false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

122. A reading activity in which learners hear or read different parts of a text, then exchange information with others in order to complete a task, is referred to as :

• (a) Dumb charades
• (b) Running dictation
• (c) Running text
• (d) Jigsaw dictation

123. A teacher of class III asks the children to draw a story as she narrates it. Through this activity, which language skill can be assessed ?

• (a) Writing Skill
• (b) Reading Skill
• (c) Listening Skill
• (d) Speaking Skill

124. Which of the following is true for emergent literacy ?

• (a) Literacy comes as naturally as crawling and jumping.
• (b) Literacy begins with writing of alphabets.
• (c) Literacy begins with memorizing of rhymes.
• (d) Literacy emerges before children are formally taught to read.

125. Navomita, a teacher of class II, has maintained a classroom library and she encourages the students to read stories. This practice should be followed to _____________.

• (a) develop a culture of reading
• (b) make students memorize more stories
• (c) explicitly discuss and memorize moral values of the stories
• (d) keep students busy for a long time while the teacher completes her pending work

126. The basic premise of Vygotskian principles does not include :

• (a) Zone of proximal development
• (b) Assimilation
• (c) Enculturation
• (d) Scaffolding

127. Which of the following is the characteristic of the learning disorder ‘Dysgraphia’ ?

• (a) Difficulty in learning the names of the letters and sounds of the alphabet
• (b) Difficulty forming letter shapes
• (c) Delays in speaking and acquiring language
• (d) Reversals in writing

128. A teacher of class III wants to conduct a pre‑writing activity as a part of the writing task assigned to students. Which of the following activity cannot be conducted as a pre‑writing activity ?

• (a) Giving reading material related to the topic
• (b) Revising the drafts of their partners
• (c) Brainstorming ideas, and jotting them on the board
• (d) Talking to their partner on ideas related to the topic

129. Which of the following is true for nature of reading ?

• (a) Children learn to read through involvement in the act of reading.
• (b) We need to understand all the words in order to understand the meaning of the text.
• (c) Reading is just the ability to decode.
• (d) Maturation in sensorimotor skills is assumed to transfer to reading skills.

130. Which of the following about language development is supported by Piaget ?

• (a) The development of language is a cause, not a consequence of cognitive development.
• (b) Certain language concepts must be taught when the child has reached the appropriate stage of cognitive maturity.
• (c) Language development is just like habit formation.
• (d) Children need to memorize grammatical rules in order to learn a language.

131. Read the following statements. A. Writing experiences promote reading comprehension. B. Writing helps in developing vocabulary knowledge. Which of the above statements is/are true for importance of writing in early years ?

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Only B is true.
• (c) Both A and B are false.
• (d) Only A is true.

132. Read the following statements : A. Dialect is a variety of a language, spoken in one part of a country. B. Languages have written literature but dialects have oral tradition. Which of these statements is/are linguistically correct about language and dialect ?

• (a) Only A is true.
• (b) Both A and B are true.
• (c) Both A and B are false.
• (d) Only B is true.

133. “Understands and uses new words” can be a rubric for assessing :

• (a) Pronunciation
• (b) Vocabulary
• (c) Grammar
• (d) Fluency

134. ‘Peer review’ is understood as an important strategy for improving students’ writing process. The purpose of ‘peer review’ is to :

• (a) offer formative feedback to their peers, which further helps them to improve their drafts.
• (b) connect ideas and build paragraphs for writing.
• (c) help the teacher in evaluation of writing of students.
• (d) encourage in finding faults of their peers.

136. Where had Venkatashami gone ?

• (a) He had gone to the city for work.
• (b) He had gone into hiding.
• (c) He had gone for higher studies.
• (d) He had eloped with a girl.

137. When Venkatashami was brought back home, _____________.

• (a) he looked weak and emaciated
• (b) he looked the same as he had left
• (c) he was running high fever
• (d) he looked hale and hearty

138. What was Venkatashami’s attitude towards the girl ?

• (a) He deserted her and came home.
• (b) He did not care for her.
• (c) He was indifferent towards her.
• (d) He loved her passionately.

139. What was Venkatashami’s final fate ?

• (a) He died a tragic death.
• (b) He suffered from a mysterious illness all his life.
• (c) He returned home to live a long life.
• (d) He migrated and lived in another city .

140. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. The family was willing to marry Venkatashami to the Dombara girl. B. Venkatashami came home on his own accord.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) A is true but B is false.
• (d) B is true but A is false.

141. What literary device has been used in the expression ‘... like a flash of lightning among the clouds’ ?

• (a) Hyperbole
• (b) Paradox
• (c) Parallelism
• (d) Simile

142. Identify the tense of the given expression : ‘... led him astray.’

• (a) Past Continuous
• (b) Past Perfect
• (c) Simple Present
• (d) Simple Past

144. Who was the immediate successor of Chandragupta Maurya ?

• (a) Bindusara
• (b) Seleucus
• (c) Ashoka
• (d) Antiochus

145. In the Mauryan period, what principal factor led to India opening up to the outside world ?

• (a) Intellectual attainments
• (b) Spread of Buddhism
• (c) Exports of other countries
• (d) Ambassadors of many countries coming to India

146. Before Ashoka, the Mauryan empire excluded __________.

• (a) the South‑East and a part of the South
• (b) the North
• (c) the North‑West
• (d) the East

147. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. After the Kalinga war, Ashoka became a pacifist. B. Ashoka established his sway over the whole of India.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) A is true, but B is false.
• (d) B is true, but A is false.

150. Choose the word nearest in meaning to ‘refrained’.

• (a) agreed
• (b) confined
• (c) stopped
• (d) found