UP PGT 2021 — Logic (Series A)

Logic

1. 1. In categorical syllogism, if minor premise is negative, then

   • (a) Middle term distributed in both premises
   • (b) Middle term distributed in one premise
   • (c) Middle term undistributed
   • (d) None of the above
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (d)

2. 2. “If all gold of golden temple is mine then I would be a rich person. But all gold of golden temple is not mine. Therefore I am not a rich person”. The argument is

   • (a) Valid
   • (b) Invalid
   • (c) Probable
   • (d) None of the above
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b)

3. 3. ‘Organon’ is related to

   • (a) Mill
   • (b) Aristotle
   • (c) Pears
   • (d) Venn
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b)

4. 4. Fallacy of undistributed Middle Term is found in which one of the following pairs of moods ?

   • (a) IAA & AAA
   • (b) IIA & OIE
   • (c) AIA & AOE
   • (d) IEE & EIE
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b)

5. 5. Syllogism of the form ‘AAA – 2’ is

   • (a) Valid
   • (b) Invalid
   • (c) Valid and invalid both
   • (d) None of these
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b)

6. 6. Rule of material implication is

   • (a) (p⊃q) ≡ (p∨q)
   • (b) (p⊃q) ≡ (~p∨q)
   • (c) (p⊃q) ≡ (~p•q)
   • (d) (p⊃q) ≡ (p∨~q)
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b)

7. 7. How many moods are possible in a syllogism ?

   • (a) 32
   • (b) 64
   • (c) 16
   • (d) 128
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (b)

8. 8. Which logician had introduced notion of ‘Variable’ into logic ?

   • (a) George Boole
   • (b) Bertrand Russell
   • (c) Leibniz
   • (d) Aristotle
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (d)

9. 9. Which one of the following is correct for contrary relation ?

   • (a) They cannot both be true together, although both may be false
   • (b) They cannot both be false together, although both may be true
   • (c) They are true together
   • (d) They both are undetermined
   उत्तर देखें

   उत्तर: (a)

10. 10. Which one of the following rule is used for the following inference ? (P⊃~G) ⊃ (~H∨~I) ~(~H∨~I) ∴~(P⊃~G)

    • (a) Modus Ponens
    • (b) Modus Tollens
    • (c) Demorgan’s Law
    • (d) Constructive Dilemma
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

11. 11. p↓q means

    • (a) p is true and q is true
    • (b) p is true and q is false
    • (c) neither p is true and nor q is true
    • (d) none of these
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

12. 12. Which one of the following is equivalent to p|q ?

    • (a) ~p∨q
    • (b) ~p∨~q
    • (c) p∨~q
    • (d) P∨q
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

13. 13. A mediate inference has

    • (a) Only one premise
    • (b) At least one premise
    • (c) Exactly two premise
    • (d) More than one premise
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

14. 14. In Syllogism who added the fourth figure ?

    • (a) Aristotle
    • (b) Galen
    • (c) Julius Pacius
    • (d) B. Russell
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

15. 15. Find out fallacy gone through the following argument. All poets are human. All students are human. ∴ All students are poets.

    • (a) Illicit major
    • (b) Illicit minor
    • (c) Existential fallacy
    • (d) Undistributed middle term
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

16. 16. In following which are contradictories ?

    • (a) SP = 0 and SP̄ ≠ 0
    • (b) SP̄= 0 and SP̄ ≠ 0
    • (c) SP̄ = 0 and SP ≠ 0
    • (d) SP ≠ 0 and SP̄≠0
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

17. 17. Which one of the following is correct about mood ?

    • (a) The mood of a syllogism is decided by minor term
    • (b) The mood of a syllogism is decided by major term
    • (c) The mood of a syllogism is determined by the types of categorical proposition
    • (d) The mood of a syllogism is decided by figure
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

18. 18. Which one of the following is true ?

    • (a) Deductive reasoning is strong and Inductive reasoning is weak
    • (b) Deductive reasoning is weak and Inductive reasoning is strong
    • (c) Deductive reasoning is certain and Inductive reasoning is probable
    • (d) Deductive reasoning is probable and Inductive reasoning is necessary
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

19. 19. Which proposition have existential import in Boolean interpretation ?

    • (a) A and E
    • (b) I and O
    • (c) Only A
    • (d) Only E
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

20. 20. Probability is associated with

    • (a) Inductive logic
    • (b) Deductive logic
    • (c) Both inductive as well as deductive logics
    • (d) Neither inductive nor deductive logics
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

21. 21. Statement form p•~p is called

    • (a) Contradiction
    • (b) Contingent
    • (c) Tautology
    • (d) None of these
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

22. 22. Which one of the following is equivalent to ‘p∨q’ ?

    • (a) ~(p∨q)
    • (b) ~p•~q
    • (c) ~(~p•~q)
    • (d) ~(~p•q)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

23. 23. ‘Principia Mathematica’ was written by

    • (a) Gottlob Frege and R. Marsh
    • (b) C.S.Peirce and Wettgenstein
    • (c) John Venn and Boole
    • (d) Russell and A. N. Whithead
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

24. 24. Which one of the following is correct for Dagger-function ?

    • (a) p|q
    • (b) p∨q
    • (c) p↓q
    • (d) p↑q
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

25. 25. Peirce’s Law is

    • (a) [(p ⊃ q)⊃q]⊃q
    • (b) [(p ⊃ q)⊃p]⊃q
    • (c) [(p ⊃ q)⊃p]⊃p
    • (d) [(p ⊃ q)⊃q]⊃p
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

26. 26. Which one of the following mood and figure of a categorical syllogism is valid ?

    • (a) EAO – 4
    • (b) OAI – 3
    • (c) OAO – 3
    • (d) OAO – 4
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

27. 27. Which one of the following is correct for contingent statement ?

    • (a) Only false instances in the conclusion
    • (b) Only true instances in the conclusion
    • (c) Both true and false instances in the conclusion
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

28. 28. ~(P•Q) ≡ ~(~P∨~Q) The above statement form is a

    • (a) Tautology
    • (b) Contingent
    • (c) Contradictory
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

29. 29. Which one of the following is the correct symbolic from of strong sense disjunction ?

    • (a) ~p∨~q
    • (b) (p∨q)•~(p•q)
    • (c) ~p∨q
    • (d) p∨q
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

30. 30. What is basic function of language ?

    • (a) Directive
    • (b) Expressive
    • (c) Informative
    • (d) All the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

31. 31. Negation of statement p•q will be

    • (a) ~(~p•q)
    • (b) ~p•q
    • (c) ~(p•q)
    • (d) p•~q
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

32. 32. Which one of the following represents Law of material equivalence ?

    • (a) P ≡ (P∨P)
    • (b) (P ≡ Q) ≡ (P•Q)∨(~P•~Q)
    • (c) P ≡ (P•P)
    • (d) P ≡ (P⊃P)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

33. 33. Not every S is P, represent by proposition

    • (a) E
    • (b) O
    • (c) I
    • (d) A
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

34. 34. Which fallacy is committed in this syllogism ? Some professors are scholars. Some professors are politicians. Therefore, some politicians are scholars.

    • (a) Fallacy of illicit major term
    • (b) Fallacy of illicit minor term
    • (c) Fallacy of undistributed middle term
    • (d) Fallacy of four terms
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

35. 35. Which one of the following is deduced from (~p•q)• [(r•s)⊃ p]•r ?

    • (a) ~q
    • (b) q ⊃ r
    • (c) ~s
    • (d) r ⊃ s
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

36. 36. Which one of the following is correct for symmetrical relation ?

    • (a) (x) (y) (R_xy ⊃ ~R_yx)
    • (b) (x) R_xx
    • (c) (x) R_x
    • (d) (x) (y) (R_xy ⊃ R_yx)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

37. 37. ‘Some politicians are honest.’ Which class is distributed in this statement ?

    • (a) Politicians
    • (b) Honest
    • (c) Both politicians and honest
    • (d) Neither politicians nor honest
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

38. 38. Which of the following statements is true ?

    • (a) All material equivalences are logical equivalences too
    • (b) All logical equivalences are material equivalences too
    • (c) Some material equivalences are logical equivalences too
    • (d) Both B and C
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

39. 39. If “No man is mortal” is true, what can be said about “No mortal is man” ?

    • (a) True
    • (b) False
    • (c) Contingent
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

40. 40. Identify the figure and mood of given Venn Diagram.

    • (a) EAO – IV
    • (b) AAI – II
    • (c) IAO – I
    • (d) IAI – III
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

41. 41. Which logician has criticized the traditional square of opposition ?

    • (a) Aristotle
    • (b) Plato
    • (c) De Morgan
    • (d) George Boole
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

42. 42. When we replace the predicate term by its complement and change quality of a proposition, it is called

    • (a) Obversion
    • (b) Contraposition
    • (c) Inversion
    • (d) Conversion
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

43. 43. What will be correct Venn Diagram of AEE – IV figure ?

    • (a)
    • (b)
    • (c)
    • (d)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

44. 44. Which fallacy have been committed in following argument ? All Russians were revolutionists. All anarchists were revolutionists. Therefore, all anarchists were Russians.

    • (a) Fallacy of four term
    • (b) Fallacy of illicit major
    • (c) Fallacy of illicit minor
    • (d) Fallacy of undistributed middle
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

45. 45. Which one of the following is correct if the conclusion of a valid syllogism is ‘A’ ?

    • (a) IIA – 2
    • (b) AAA – 1
    • (c) AAA – 2
    • (d) AAA – 3
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

46. 46. In traditional square of opposition which one of the following is the opposite of ‘E’ proposition

    • (a) ‘I’ proposition
    • (b) ‘A’ and ‘I’ proposition
    • (c) ‘A’, ‘I’ and ‘O’ proposition
    • (d) ‘A’ and ‘O’ proposition
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

47. 47. Which one of the following statements is true about the inversion ?

    • (a) There is no inversion of I-proposition
    • (b) There is no inversion of O-proposition
    • (c) Both (A) and (B) are true
    • (d) Neither (A) nor (B) is true
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

48. 48. Which rule is betrayed in the following inference ? Varanasi is situated on the bank of Ganges. ∴ All cities are situated on the bank of Ganges.

    • (a) Universal Generalization
    • (b) Existential Generalization
    • (c) Universal Instantiation
    • (d) Existential Instantiation
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

49. 49. According to Russell ‘The King of France’ is

    • (a) A name
    • (b) Description
    • (c) Not a description
    • (d) None of these
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

50. 50. Which one of the following is correct for ‘p∨~p’ ?

    • (a) The law of identity
    • (b) The law of excluded middle
    • (c) The law of contradiction
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

51. 51. If A and B propositions are sub contraries, then

    • (a) If A is true, then B is false
    • (b) If A is false, then B is false
    • (c) If A is true, then B is true
    • (d) If A is false, then B is true
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

52. 52. “God helps those who help themselves”. Symbolize this statement. [Symbol : Px = x is a person, Axy = x helps y, Agx = God helps x]

    • (a) (∃x) [(Px•Axx) ⊃ Agx]
    • (b) (x) [(Px ∨ Axx) ⊃ Agx]
    • (c) (x) [(Px•Axx) ⊃ Agx]
    • (d) (∃x) [(Px ∨ Axx)⊃ Agx]
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

53. 53. Choose correct option. ϕy ∴(x) (ϕx)

    • (a) U.I.
    • (b) U.G.
    • (c) E.G.
    • (d) E.I.
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

54. 54. Which one of the following represents Law of excluded middle ?

    • (a) P•~P
    • (b) P⊃~P
    • (c) P∨~P
    • (d) P≡~P
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

55. 55. p∨q will be true

    • (a) p and q both are true
    • (b) p is true and q is false
    • (c) p is false and q is true
    • (d) all of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

56. 56. A Deductive Argument is

    • (a) Only valid
    • (b) Only invalid
    • (c) Neither valid nor invalid
    • (d) Either valid or invalid
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

57. 57. Which one of the following is not correct for categorical syllogism ?

    • (a) It is a deductive argument
    • (b) It consists of three terms only
    • (c) It is an inductive argument
    • (d) It must have a conclusion
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

58. 58. We can infer a conjunct from a conjunctive proposition. This law is called

    • (a) Law of addition
    • (b) Law of conjunction
    • (c) Law of simplification
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

59. 59. Two statements are said to be logically equivalent in which one of the following cases ?

    • (a) Their biconditional is tautologous
    • (b) Their biconditional is contradictory
    • (c) Their biconditional is contingent
    • (d) Both have the same truth value
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

60. 60. Which one of the following is not the purpose of definition ?

    • (a) To increase vocabulary
    • (b) To eliminate ambiguity
    • (c) To clarify meaning
    • (d) To increase vagueness
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

61. 61. If there are three variables in Truth Table then number of rows will be

    • (a) 4
    • (b) 6
    • (c) 8
    • (d) 12
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

62. 62. According to square of opposition, if two propositions are contrary to each other, what will be their mutual position ?

    • (a) Both can be true, but cannot be false
    • (b) Both can be false, but cannot be true
    • (c) If one is true, the other will be false
    • (d) Truth of one proposition implies the truth of the other proposition
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

63. 63. ‘Love’, ‘Hate’ and ‘Teacher’ represent which type of relation ?

    • (a) Only non-symmetrical
    • (b) Only non-transitive
    • (c) Only non-reflexive
    • (d) All of them
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

64. 64. “Sohan is not ill”, this is a

    • (a) Simple proposition
    • (b) Relational proposition
    • (c) Complex proposition
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

65. 65. Name the rule in the following argument from which the conclusion is drawn. 1. (A⊃B)⊃(C∨D) 2. (A⊃B) /∴(C∨D)

    • (a) Modus Ponens
    • (b) Modus Tollens
    • (c) Hypothetical syllogism
    • (d) Addition
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

66. 66. Foundation of Logic were laid by

    • (a) Plato
    • (b) Socretes
    • (c) Aristotle
    • (d) Zeno
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

67. 67. ‘Minor term’ in this syllogism is All dogs are mammals. All cats are mammals. Therefore, all cats are dogs.

    • (a) Mammals
    • (b) Dogs
    • (c) Cats
    • (d) None of these
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

68. 68. Which one of the following is correct regarding ‘Propositions’ ?

    • (a) All sentences are propositions
    • (b) No sentences are propositions
    • (c) Those sentences are propositions which either true or false
    • (d) Commands and exclamations are propositions
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

69. 69. Which one of the following proposition only predicate term is distributed ?

    • (a) A
    • (b) E
    • (c) I
    • (d) O
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

70. 70. ‘The Mathematical Analysis of Logic’ is written by

    • (a) Augustus de Morgan
    • (b) Bertrand Russell
    • (c) George Boole
    • (d) A.N. Whithead
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

71. 71. Which one of the following relation between propositions is accepted in modern logic ?

    • (a) Contrary
    • (b) Sub-contrary and contrary
    • (c) Contradictory and sub-contrary
    • (d) Contradictory
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

72. 72. Which is a proposition ?

    • (a) (x) [(Px• By)⊃Rx]
    • (b) (∃x)[Rx• {(y) My⊃Nx}]
    • (c) (y) [{Ay• (x) Rx}⊃Mx]
    • (d) (x) [(Ax• Bx)⊃{(∃y)Ry• My}]
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

73. 73. Choose correct alternative from the following. “Being as old as” is

    • (a) Irreflexive relation
    • (b) Non-reflexive relation
    • (c) Reflexive relation
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

74. 74. What is the correct symbolization of ‘p if q’ ?

    • (a) p ≡ q
    • (b) p ⊃ q
    • (c) q ⊃ p
    • (d) p ⊃ ~q
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

75. 75. If both premises are particular in a syllogism then conclusion will be

    • (a) Universal
    • (b) Particular
    • (c) Affirmative
    • (d) Conclusion will not be drawn
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

76. 76. Find out fallacy gone through the following argument. All racers are hard workers. All racers are students. ∴ All students are hard workers.

    • (a) Illicit major
    • (b) Illicit minor
    • (c) Existential fallacy
    • (d) Undistributed middle term
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

77. 77. Which term is distributed in proposition ‘Some soldiers are cowards’ ?

    • (a) Only soldiers
    • (b) Only cowards
    • (c) Both soldiers and cowards
    • (d) Neither soldiers nor cowards
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

78. 78. First of all who discovered incompleteness of the 19 Rules of inference ?

    • (a) Leo Simons
    • (b) I.M. Kopy
    • (c) Albertus Magnus
    • (d) B. Russell
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

79. 79. Strong or exclusive sense of disjunction means

    • (a) At least one and at most two
    • (b) At least one and at most one
    • (c) Both (A) and (B)
    • (d) None of these
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

80. 80. Which one of the following can be true or false ?

    • (a) (x) (H_x ⊃ M_x)
    • (b) (x) (H_x • M_x)
    • (c) (∃x) (H_x • M_x)
    • (d) H_a ∨ H_b
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: —

81. 81. “If Ram is bachelor then Ram is unmarried.” Above statement is which type of implication ?

    • (a) Logical implication
    • (b) Causal implication
    • (c) Definitional implication
    • (d) Decisional implication
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

82. 82. Which rule is used in the following inference ? ~(X) Lxy ∴(∃x) ~ Lxy

    • (a) Existential Generalization
    • (b) Universal Generalization
    • (c) Existential Instantiation
    • (d) Quantifier negation
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

83. 83. The Rule of Transposition is

    • (a) (p ⊃ q) ≡ (~p∨q)
    • (b) ~(p ⊃ q) ≡ (p• ~q)
    • (c) [(p•q)⊃r] ≡ [p⊃(q⊃r)]
    • (d) (p ⊃ q) ≡ (~q⊃~p)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

84. 84. Which one of the following is not a truth-function ?

    • (a) ~(Negation)
    • (b) • (Dot)
    • (c) ⊃ (Horse-shoe)
    • (d) ≡ (Bi-Conditional)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: —

85. 85. If ‘All socialists are pacifists is true, what may be inferred about’ some nonpacifists are not nonsocialists ?

    • (a) False
    • (b) True
    • (c) Undetermined
    • (d) None of these
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

86. 86. What will be immediate inference based on traditional square of opposition if proposition O being given as false ?

    • (a) I is undetermined
    • (b) I is false
    • (c) I is true
    • (d) None of the above
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

87. 87. Which one of the following is equivalent to ‘~ (x) (Ax ⊃ Bx)’ ?

    • (a) (x) (Ax ⊃ ~Bx)
    • (b) (x) (Ax • Bx)
    • (c) (3x) (Ax• ~Bx)
    • (d) (3x) (Ax• Bx)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

88. 88. Which one is correct statement about the categorical propositions ?

    • (a) There are six types of categorical propositions
    • (b) The term-subject is not distributed in universal affirmative proposition
    • (c) The term-predicate is distributed in particular negative proposition
    • (d) Particular affirmative proposition is denoted by the symbol – ‘A’
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

89. 89. Some athletes are not actors. All actors are runners. Therefore, some runners are not athletes. This figure and mood of the above mentioned syllogism are

    • (a) OAO in figure IV
    • (b) OAO in figure III
    • (c) OAO in figure I
    • (d) IAO in figure IV
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

90. 90. Which one of the following is a proposition ?

    • (a) (X) (Fx• Gy)
    • (b) Fx• Gy
    • (c) (∃x) (Fx• Gb)
    • (d) (Fa• Gb)∨Gc
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

91. 91. In which figure is the middle term, subject term in both the premises ?

    • (a) First figure
    • (b) Second figure
    • (c) Third figure
    • (d) Fourth figure
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

92. 92. Which one of the following is not the criteria for the assessment of hypothesis ?

    • (a) Relevance
    • (b) Testability
    • (c) Complexity
    • (d) Simplicity
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (c)

93. 93. Which one of the following is contradictory of “SP = 0” ?

    • (a) SP = 0
    • (b) SP̄ ≠ 0
    • (c) S̄P = 0
    • (d) SP ≠ 0
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

94. 94. Obversion is valid in

    • (a) Only A and E propositions
    • (b) Only I and O propositions
    • (c) Only E and O Propositions
    • (d) A, E, I , O all propositions
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

95. 95. For a disjunctive proposition to be false

    • (a) Only one disjunct must be false
    • (b) Only one disjunct must be true
    • (c) Both disjuncts must be true
    • (d) Both disjuncts must be false
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

96. 96. A proposition should have

    • (a) At least one bound variable
    • (b) At least one constant
    • (c) At least one free variable
    • (d) No free variable
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (d)

97. 97. Which one of the following is correct ?

    • (a) An inductive argument is either valid or Invalid
    • (b) A deductive argument is one whose premises are claimed to provide conclusive ground for the truth of its conclusion
    • (c) A deductive argument is good or bad
    • (d) A deductive argument is probable
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

98. 98. Which one of the following shows the quality of the propositions ?

    • (a) Affirmative and Negative
    • (b) Universal and Particular
    • (c) Affirmative and Universal
    • (d) Negative and Particular
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (a)

99. 99. Which one of the following fallacies is correct in the question – ‘Have you abandoned the beating of your wife’ ?

    • (a) The fallacy of moral question
    • (b) The fallacy of pseudo question
    • (c) The fallacy of legal question
    • (d) All the three (A), (B) and (C)
    उत्तर देखें

    उत्तर: (b)

100. 100. “John and Gilbert will not both be respected” will be symbolized as

     • (a) ~(J∨G)
     • (b) ~J•~G
     • (c) J∨~G
     • (d) ~(J•G)
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

101. 101. Barbara is valid mood. What is figure of it ?

     • (a) 4
     • (b) 3
     • (c) 2
     • (d) 1
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

102. 102. Name the fallacies committed in ‘IEO – 1’.

     • (a) Undistributed middle
     • (b) Illicit major
     • (c) Illicit minor
     • (d) Existential fallacy
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (b)

103. 103. If A and B are true propositions, X and Y are false propositions and the values of P and Q are unknown, which one of the following compound statements is true ?

     • (a) P∨~P
     • (b) ~A•Q
     • (c) ~A•P
     • (d) ~(P•Q)•X
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (a)

104. 104. If X, Y, Z are true and P, Q, R false, what will be value of the following ? [(X⊃P)•(Y⊃Q)] ∨ (Z⊃R)

     • (a) False
     • (b) True
     • (c) Probable
     • (d) None of the above
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (a)

105. 105. I proposition can be expressed as

     • (a) (x) (ϕ_x ⊃ ψ_x)
     • (b) (∃x) (ϕ_x• ψ_x)
     • (c) (x) (ϕ_x ⊃~ψ_x)
     • (d) (∃x) (ϕ_x• ~ψ_x)
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (b)

106. 106. Propositions are

     • (a) Either true or false
     • (b) Neither true nor false
     • (c) Only true
     • (d) Only false
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (a)

107. 107. Which one of the following is correct about figure ?

     • (a) Figure is the major term
     • (b) The position of the middle term in the premises
     • (c) Figure is the minor term
     • (d) The position of categorical proposition
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (b)

108. 108. Pick out correct symbolic form for the following proposition. “Bats are not men.”

     • (a) (∃x) (Bx ⊃~Mx)
     • (b) (X) (Bx ⊃ ~ Mx)
     • (c) (∃x) (Bx• ~ Mx)
     • (d) (X) (~Bx⊃Mx)
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (b)

109. 109. Which is not a rule of replacement ?

     • (a) Commutation
     • (b) Association
     • (c) Transposition
     • (d) Inconsistency
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

110. 110. The statement [(p ⊃ q) ≡ (p ∨ q)] is a

     • (a) Tautology
     • (b) Contradiction
     • (c) Contingent statement
     • (d) True statement
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (c)

111. 111. Which one is true ?

     • (a) The term that occurs as the subject of the conclusion is called ‘major term’
     • (b) The term that occurs as the predicate of the conclusion is called ‘major term’
     • (c) The term that occurs as the predicate term of the conclusion is called ‘middle term’
     • (d) The term that occurs as the subject term of the conclusion is called ‘middle term’
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (b)

112. 112. Which one of the following statement forms is not contradictory ?

     • (a) (P•Q)•(P⊃~Q)
     • (b) (P⊃P)⊃(Q•~Q)
     • (c) [P⊃(Q⊃P)]⊃[(Q⊃Q)⊃~(R⊃R)]
     • (d) (P⊃Q)≡(~Q⊃~P)
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

113. 113. The correct symbolic form of “Not everything is mortal” would be

     • (a) ~(∃x) Mx
     • (b) (X) ~ Mx
     • (c) (∃x) ~Mx
     • (d) None of the above
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (c)

114. 114. Find out the mood and figure of the following : All artists are egoists. Some artists are paupers. ∴ Some paupers are egoists.

     • (a) AII – 1
     • (b) AII – 2
     • (c) AEE – 4
     • (d) AII – 3
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

115. 115. Which one is true about the following symbols ?

     • (a) Symbol for ‘conjunction’ is ∨
     • (b) Respective symbols for ‘implication’ and ‘equivalence’ are ⊃ & ≡
     • (c) ‘Curl’ is the symbol for ‘Disjunction’
     • (d) ‘Wedge’ is the symbol for ‘Negation’
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (b)

116. 116. Choose contradictory of (X)~Mx from the following.

     • (a) ~(X) Mx
     • (b) ~(∃X) Mx
     • (c) (X) Mx
     • (d) (∃X) Mx
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

117. 117. According to traditional square of opposition if two propositions cannot both be true and cannot both be false are called

     • (a) Contrary
     • (b) Sub contrary
     • (c) Subalternation
     • (d) Contradictory
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

118. 118. Which one of the following relations of square of opposition is found between particular affirmative and particular negative propositions ?

     • (a) Contradictory
     • (b) Contrary
     • (c) Sub-contrary
     • (d) Subalternation
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (c)

119. 119. Which one of the following is correct for Stroke function ?

     • (a) p|q
     • (b) p∨q
     • (c) p ⊃ q
     • (d) p↓q
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (a)

120. 120. How many kinds are there of categorical propositions ?

     • (a) One
     • (b) Two
     • (c) Three
     • (d) Four
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

121. 121. Which one of the following is an example of rule of absorption ?

     • (a) p ⊃ q /∴p ≡ (p•q)
     • (b) p ⊃ q /∴~p∨q
     • (c) p ∨ q ~p /∴q
     • (d) p ⊃ q /∴p ⊃ (p•q)
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

122. 122. When a proposition is first obverted then converted then obverted again, it is called

     • (a) Conversion
     • (b) Inversion
     • (c) Obversion
     • (d) Contraposition
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

123. 123. According to George Boole in which one of the following relations of traditional square of opposition, there is not an Existential fallacy ?

     • (a) Contradictory
     • (b) Contrary
     • (c) Sub-contrary
     • (d) Subalternation
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (a)

124. 124. T∨F is

     • (a) True in the exclusive sense of disjunction
     • (b) False in the inclusive sense of disjunction
     • (c) True in the inclusive sense of disjunction
     • (d) Both A and C
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (d)

125. 125. ‘Some P is not S’ is represented by Venn diagram

     • (a)
     • (b)
     • (c)
     • (d)
     उत्तर देखें

     उत्तर: (c)