CTET Paper II — 1 March 2026 (Set R) — Mathematics and Science

1. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Adolescents have difficulty with emotional regulation and inhibiting their impulses and are quite susceptible to peer pressure. Reason (R) : Physiological and hormonal changes during adolescence impact the behaviour of adolescents in a variety of ways.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

2. Jean Piaget gave importance to ____________ in the course of development and learning.

• (a) exam‑centric pedagogy
• (b) children’s maturation and readiness to learn
• (c) conditioning of behaviour
• (d) cultural tools

3. Learning about a concept/category is easier if :

• (a) familiar examples are provided while introducing the concept.
• (b) previous knowledge about the concept is not activated.
• (c) lots of advanced information is given to create cognitive load.
• (d) concept is represented in abstract and complex ways.

4. Gifted children :

• (a) absorb information quickly and accurately.
• (b) exhibit high cognitive abilities as well as skills of social communication.
• (c) get distracted easily and have low concentration span.
• (d) excel in all academic as well as co‑curricular areas.

5. Which of the following is an effective strategy of emotional regulation ?

• (a) Suppressing emotions in order to conform to social norms
• (b) Channelling emotions to use them as a source of inspiration and creative endeavours
• (c) Waiting until emotions escalate to the point of losing control
• (d) Reacting impulsively to emotional triggers

6. Which of the following typical characteristics is a child struggling with dysgraphia likely to show ?

• (a) Withdrawal, guilt and anxiety
• (b) Slow in written work; makes poorly formed letters, has difficulty copying from blackboard
• (c) Impulsiveness; difficulty in concentrating and forgetfulness
• (d) Aggression, frustration and stress

7. Which of the following statements is correct about gender development in contemporary times ?

• (a) Gender exists on a binary concept – one is either male or female.
• (b) Gender is purely and solely determined by an individual’s anatomy at birth.
• (c) Gender identity is influenced by cultural conceptions.
• (d) Gender identity is not influenced by socialization.

8. Which of the following statements about language and cognition is not correct as per Lev Vygotsky’s theory ?

• (a) External speech is used to converse with others.
• (b) Language inevitably affects the way a child thinks.
• (c) Inner speech is used for mental reasoning.
• (d) Language development hinders cognitive development.

9. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Children learn most effectively when they are criticized frequently for their mistakes. Reason (R) : Frequent criticism makes children self‑reliant which helps in improving their academic performance.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

10. Following Lev Vygotsky’s ideas on learning, a teacher should :

• (a) encourage students to continually compete with each other.
• (b) capitalize on dialogue and group learning during activities.
• (c) prevent integration of cultural knowledge in discussions.
• (d) discourage verbalization and thinking aloud among students.

11. The process of bringing back the information stored in memory to current state is called _____________.

• (a) Retrieval
• (b) Attention
• (c) Forgetting
• (d) Decay

12. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Adaptations such as audio tapes, use of computer software which provides text‑to‑speech input, extended time to complete assignments, facilitate learning for students who are visually challenged. Reason (R) : Teachers should adapt the curriculum to provide equity and meet the needs of diverse learners.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

13. Role of a teacher in ‘reciprocal teaching’ is characterized by :

• (a) his/her position of being a passive observer throughout the process.
• (b) a shift from being a support and guide towards gradual release of responsibility to the students.
• (c) being a mere recipient of the suggestions given by students.
• (d) the position of dominance and sole authority to disseminate the information to students.

14. Contemporary theorists believe that childhood is :

• (a) Variable and dynamic.
• (b) A stage associated with divinity, purity and goodness.
• (c) Merely a transitional stage.
• (d) A life stage that is awaiting adulthood.

15. Which of the following hinders problem‑solving ?

• (a) Applying algorithms and heuristics
• (b) Fixating on a single trait of a composite problem
• (c) Breaking down large complex problems into manageable smaller problems
• (d) Using a solution which was effective in solving a similar problem earlier

16. Activities which ______________ are detrimental to students’ motivation to learn.

• (a) aim at intangible goals decided solely by the teacher
• (b) connect with real life of students
• (c) cater to students’ needs and interests
• (d) are moderately difficult for students

17. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : A middle school language arts teacher selects stories and clippings from newspapers and magazines that portray men and women in non‑traditional roles. Reason (R) : Countering prevalent gender stereotypes by presenting other models is an effective way to overcome gender bias.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explantion of (A).

18. A teacher is providing learners with the chances to be exposed to and analyze concepts in order to help them understand the content through her support. This is an example of :

• (a) Observational modelling
• (b) Expository teaching
• (c) Guided discovery
• (d) Pre‑dispositional learning

19. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : When unable to ‘make meaning’, efficient readers slow down and reread the text clarifying confusion before continuing further. Reason (R) : Metacognition hinders the process of meaning‑making.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are false.

20. Which of the following sets describe ways in which a school should be inclusive ? (i) Modification of curriculum as required (ii) Expecting students to totally adapt to the school’s culture (iii) Fostering an ethos of care and respect (iv) Opportunities for collaborative learning Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
• (b) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
• (c) (i), (iii) and (iv)
• (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

21. Which of the following set of qualities characterizes critical thinking ? (i) Ability to question (ii) Ability to self‑reflect (iii) Ability to test previously held assumptions (iv) Ability to think convergently Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
• (b) (i) and (iv)
• (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
• (d) (i) and (ii)

22. Which of the following statements about classroom assessment is correct ?

• (a) Formative assessment should include tasks which inform teachers about what students know about the concept before they begin teaching.
• (b) Use of norm‑referenced assessment that compares performance of the student to that of peers motivates students to learn more meaningfully.
• (c) Focus of assessment should be paper‑pencil assessment rather than non‑written behaviours to maintain objectivity.
• (d) Summative assessment does not serve any purpose and should not be undertaken since the process is more important than the final learning outcome.

23. An assessment approach aiming to support students’ learning is characterized by :

• (a) Exams done at the end of the year through objective type questions.
• (b) Consideration of method of solving the problem along with the outcome.
• (c) Evaluation and marking based on standardized quiz‑based tests.
• (d) Focus on inaccuracies only while ignoring the process and endeavours.

24. According to Jean Piaget, what is the role of symbolic thought in cognitive development ?

• (a) Symbolic thought causes mental confusion and hinders cognitive development.
• (b) Symbolic thought develops after cognitive development is complete.
• (c) Symbolic thought impacts cognitive development only in children with language delays.
• (d) Symbolic thought facilitates cognitive development by allowing for mental processes like problem‑solving.

25. Which of the following statement about socialization is correct ?

• (a) Socialization happens only during childhood.
• (b) Socialization is culture‑independent and context‑neutral.
• (c) Norms and beliefs cannot be acquired through socialization process.
• (d) Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value.

26. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Teachers should ensure enough ‘wait time’, which is the length of time a teacher pauses, after asking a question. Reason (R) : Diversity is an asset and not an obstacle.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

27. Inclusion of students belonging to disadvantaged backgrounds requires :

• (a) consideration of socio‑cultural diversity.
• (b) tradition of exam‑centered pedagogy.
• (c) execution of standardized curriculum.
• (d) identity‑based segregation of students.

28. An effective strategy for solving ill‑defined problems is :

• (a) Algorithms
• (b) Means‑Ends analysis
• (c) Focusing on functional fixedness
• (d) Learning by rote

29. Arpita and Anu give their books to each other since both consider it ‘an equal exchange of favours’. At which level of Kohlberg’s moral development theory are Arpita and Anu ?

• (a) Heteronomous level
• (b) Post‑conventional level
• (c) Pre‑conventional level
• (d) Conventional level

30. Which of the following statement about the role of heredity and environment in the development of a child is correct ?

• (a) While heredity provides the genetic blueprint for an individual’s development, the expression of those genes can be influenced by environmental factors.
• (b) Dispositions are linked with environmental factors but actual development occurs on the basis of heredity.
• (c) Both heredity and environment contribute 50% each in the development of a child.
• (d) While heredity contributes in unfolding of the child’s characteristic traits, the entirety of a child’s development is solely based on environmental factors.

31. Which of the following figures has rotational symmetry, but no line symmetry ?

• (a) Rectangle
• (b) Parallelogram
• (c) Kite
• (d) Rhombus

33. A man sold two articles for ₹ 850 each. On one article, he earns a profit of 25% and on the other article, he suffers a loss of 15%. What is his overall profit ?

• (a) ₹ 30
• (b) ₹ 22
• (c) ₹ 25
• (d) ₹ 20

35. A certain sum becomes ₹ 6,300 at 10% p.a. in 4 years at simple interest. What will be the amount of the same sum in 2 years at the same rate, if interest is compounded yearly ?

• (a) ₹ 5,324
• (b) ₹ 5,566
• (c) ₹ 5,082
• (d) ₹ 5,445

36. The greatest number which can divide the numbers 282, 696 and 1616, leaving the same remainder 6 in each case, is :

• (a) 46
• (b) 23
• (c) 48
• (d) 24

37. Which of the following is not written correctly in Roman Numerals ?

• (a) LXIII
• (b) XXV
• (c) LXXII
• (d) VXII

38. The distance between two parallel sides of a trapezium is 8 cm. If the perimeter of the trapezium is 52 cm and its non‑parallel sides are of length 10 cm each, then area of the trapezium (in cm2) is :

• (a) 192
• (b) 64
• (c) 128
• (d) 96

40. Height of a right circular cylinder is 6 m. If three times the sum of the areas of its two circular bases is twice its curved surface area, then volume of the cylinder (in m3) is :

• (a) 96 π
• (b) 64 π
• (c) 112 π
• (d) 48 π

42. The difference between the median and the mode of the observations 13, 16, 12, 14, 19, 12, 13, 14, 12, 15, 16, 15, 18, 19 is :

• (a) 6·0
• (b) 2·5
• (c) 4·5
• (d) 3·0

43. A four‑digit number 3x15 is a multiple of 3. Then, the sum of all the possible values of x is :

• (a) 12
• (b) 6
• (c) 18
• (d) 9

44. The length of a diagonal of a square is 8 cm. If its area (in cm2) is y, then value of (3y – 15) is :

• (a) 85
• (b) 96
• (c) 75
• (d) 81

46. If 12500 = 5x × 2y, then which of the following can be expressed in the form 5x–1 × 22y ?

• (a) 10000
• (b) 500
• (c) 62500
• (d) 2500 x y x–1 2y

51. Which of the following statements with respect to linear equations is not true ?

• (a) The value of equation (6y + 10) depends on the value of ‘y’.
• (b) If we multiply or divide both sides of the equality by the same whole number, it still holds.
• (c) In an equation, at least one of the two expressions must contain the variable.
• (d) The equality that involves variables is an equation.

52. The “Baudhayana Sulba Sutra”, which is a part of the rich Indian knowledge system, gives the same result as given by :

• (a) Pythagoras’ theorem
• (b) Basic Proportionality theorem
• (c) External angle theorem
• (d) Mean Value Theorem

53. Which of the following is not true for rational numbers ?

• (a) Closed under addition
• (b) Closed under subtraction
• (c) Closed under division
• (d) Closed under multiplication

54. Which of the following does not represent the correct sequence of teaching the given concepts ?

• (a) Proportion should precede percentage
• (b) Fractions should precede rational numbers
• (c) Decimals should precede fractions
• (d) Addition should precede subtraction

55. According to National Curriculum Framework, 2005, which among the following is not a narrow aim of teaching mathematics ?

• (a) To develop the right attitude for problem‑solving
• (b) To develop an ability to identify geometrical shapes
• (c) To develop numeracy skills
• (d) To enhance the ability in solving algebraic equations

56. In which of the following situations do the results have an equal chance of occurring ?

• (a) The chances of a train being on time or late.
• (b) A student getting a question from the 3 chapters she prepared, out of 5.
• (c) Captains of two teams tossing a coin to decide which team will bat first.
• (d) The chances of a ticket which was waitlisted being confirmed.

57. A method of assessment, useful in theme‑based learning, undertaken over a period of time and generally involves collection and analysis of data is a :

• (a) Portfolio
• (b) Rubric
• (c) Project
• (d) Checklist

58. Which among the following is usually not used as a strategy in Summative Assessment ?

• (a) Observation
• (b) Term End Exam
• (c) Performance test
• (d) Paper‑pencil test

59. Which among the following is most appropriate for assessing problem‑solving ability ?

• (a) Assess child’s ability to recall the solution of a problem solved by him/her previously.
• (b) Assess child’s ability to use knowledge in a familiar situation.
• (c) Assess child’s ability to use his/her knowledge and skills in a new situation.
• (d) Assess child’s ability to solve word problems only.

61. Arrange the following statements about the process of digestion in cows in the correct sequence : (i) Chewing of cud (ii) Partial digestion of food (iii) Storage of food in stomach (iv) Quick swallowing of food Choose the correct option :

• (a) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
• (b) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
• (c) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
• (d) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)

62. Which of the following processes leads to production of lactic acid ?

• (a) Anaerobic respiration in humans
• (b) Rise of dough after addition of yeast and sugar
• (c) Anaerobic respiration in yeast
• (d) Aerobic respiration in humans

63. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Ice floats on water. Reason (R) : Ice combines with surrounding air which leads to increase in buoyancy.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

64. Which of the following is not an advantage of using manure over fertilizers ?

• (a) It enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.
• (b) It makes the soil porous.
• (c) It increases the number of friendly microbes.
• (d) It fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

65. Mahesh left the wheat dough in the open. After a few days, it started to emit a foul smell. What could be the reason ?

• (a) The oxidation of bran which produces lactic acid
• (b) Growth of bacteria in the wheat dough
• (c) The reduction of the bran particles in dough which weaken gluten‑forming proteins
• (d) Growth of saprophytic fungi which break down the carbohydrates

66. Which of the following options about Reaction I (R1) and Reaction II (R2) are correct ? Reaction I (R1) : Reaction of slaked lime with carbon dioxide Reaction II (R2) : Heating of calcium bicarbonate

• (a) R1 – Decomposition, R2 – Endothermic
• (b) R1 – Exothermic, R2 – Combination
• (c) R1 – Endothermic, R2 – Exothermic
• (d) R1 – Exothermic, R2 – Decomposition

67. Which of the following statements about the process of obtaining wool is incorrect ?

• (a) Shearing is done after scouring.
• (b) Shearing is done before picking out the burrs.
• (c) Dyeing of different colours is done after picking out the burrs.
• (d) Sorting is done after shearing.

68. What is the reason for preferring pressure cookers over open pans for cooking the food quickly at high altitudes ?

• (a) Increase in boiling point of water at high altitudes due to increase in atmospheric pressure
• (b) Lowering of boiling point of water at high altitudes due to increase in atmospheric pressure
• (c) Increase in boiling point of water at high altitudes due to decrease in atmospheric pressure
• (d) Lowering of boiling point of water at high altitudes due to decrease in atmospheric pressure

69. Read the descriptions of various layers of soil given below and identify the horizons for X, Y, Z in the correct sequence : X : The layer is made of small lumps of rocks with cracks Y : The layer is soft and porous and retains more water Z : The compact layer containing a lot of minerals but less humus

• (a) A‑horizon, B‑horizon, C‑horizon
• (b) C‑horizon, A‑horizon, B‑horizon
• (c) Top‑soil, C‑horizon, B‑horizon
• (d) C‑horizon, B‑horizon, Top‑soil

70. Read the following statements : Statement I : Isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties. Statement II : Chemical properties do not depend on number of neutrons. Choose the correct option :

• (a) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false.
• (b) Both Statements I and II are true and Statement II is the correct reason for Statement I.
• (c) Both Statements I and II are false.
• (d) Both Statements I and II are true, but Statement II is not the correct reason for Statement I.

71. An aqueous solution ‘X’ turns phenolphthalein solution pink. But, on addition of aqueous solution ‘Y’ to ‘X’, the colour disappears. Which of the following is true about X and Y ?

• (a) X is strongly acidic and Y is a weak acid
• (b) X is strongly basic and Y is a weak base
• (c) X has pH more than 7 and Y has pH less than 7
• (d) X has pH less than 7 and Y has pH greater than 7

72. Which of the following represents a set of communicable diseases ?

• (a) Common flu, asthma, tuberculosis
• (b) Chickenpox, cancer, common cold
• (c) Cholera, hypertension, common cold
• (d) Tuberculosis, cholera, measles

73. Consider the following statements : (i) Density of Ball A = 13600 kg/m3. (ii) Density of Ball B = 7800 kg/m3. (iii) Ball A is heavier than Ball B. (iv) Volume of Ball A is identical to that of Ball B. If Balls A and B are submerged into two identical containers containing water, which of the following would hold true ?

• (a) Both Balls A and B will not displace any water
• (b) Both Balls A and B will displace same amount of water
• (c) Ball A will displace more water than Ball B
• (d) Ball A will displace less water than Ball B

74. Select the mismatched pair :

• (a) Adrenaline – Pituitary Gland
• (b) Estrogen – Ovary
• (c) Testosterone – Testes
• (d) Thyroxine – Thyroid Gland

75. A metal X burns in oxygen with a white flame to form a white ash. Identify X and the type of reaction :

• (a) Ca, Decomposition
• (b) Mg, Combination
• (c) Al, Thermal Decomposition
• (d) Zn, Endothermic

76. Two circuits A and B are placed in close vicinity to each other. Circuit A comprises a galvanometer connected to two ends of the closed circuit. Circuit B comprises a battery and a key connected to two ends of the circuit. Initially the key is not inserted. Which of the following will be observed if the key is inserted and later removed ?

• (a) There is momentary deflection in the galvanometer that dies out shortly and there is no effect when the key is removed.
• (b) The galvanometer shows no deflection throughout.
• (c) There are momentary galvanometer deflections in the same direction that die out shortly.
• (d) There are momentary galvanometer deflections in opposite directions that die out shortly.

77. A girl is standing in front of a magical mirror. She observes the image of her head bigger, the middle portion of her body of the same size and that of the legs smaller in size. Which of the following is the correct order of the combinations of the magical mirror from top to bottom ?

• (a) Convex, concave, plane
• (b) Convex, plane, convex
• (c) Concave, plane, convex
• (d) Concave, convex, convex

78. A ball is thrown upwards. Which of the following statements is true at the highest point before it begins to fall down ?

• (a) Velocity is zero; net force is zero.
• (b) Velocity is maximum; net force is zero.
• (c) Velocity is zero; gravitational force acts.
• (d) Velocity is maximum; gravitational force acts.

79. Seema and Ashutosh set up a simple pendulum in the laboratory to calculate its time period such that the distance between the two extreme positions of the bob is ‘D’. Seema observes that the pendulum bob covers distance D/4 in 2 seconds. Ashutosh thinks that Seema made an error while conducting the experiment and repeats it. He observes that the bob covers distance 3D/2 in 10 seconds. Which of the following is true ?

• (a) The time period of a pendulum is equal to 12 seconds in both the cases.
• (b) Time period of pendulum calculated by Seema is greater than that calculated by Ashutosh.
• (c) Time period of pendulum calculated by Ashutosh is greater than that calculated by Seema.
• (d) The time period of a pendulum will be same in both the cases as it depends on mass of the bob.

80. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is/are not true ? (i) They can be both unicellular and multicellular. (ii) They have a well organized nucleus. (iii) Blue‑green algae are eukaryotic cells. (iv) They do not have nuclear membrane. Options :

• (a) (ii) and (iii)
• (b) (i) and (ii)
• (c) (iii) and (iv)
• (d) Only (iv)

81. Which of the following does not characterize ‘Critical Pedagogy’ in Science ? (i) Teacher plays the role of moral authority in class and ensures discipline. (ii) Teacher provides opportunity to learners to express themselves. (iii) Teacher tries to avoid conflicts and differences among learners. (iv) Teacher cultivates understanding of socio‑economic diversity among learners. Options :

• (a) (i) and (iii)
• (b) (iii) and (iv)
• (c) (i) and (ii)
• (d) (ii) and (iii)

82. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : A good scientific theory must be non‑falsifiable. Reason (R) : Even one observation against the predictions of a theory is sufficient to prove the theory wrong.

• (a) A is true, but R is false.
• (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct reason of A.
• (c) A is false, but R is true.
• (d) Both A and R are true and R is correct reason of A.

83. NCF‑2005 recommends that a teacher should engage in action‑research. Which of the following aspects is not integral to conducting action‑research ?

• (a) The results of action‑research may not always be generalizable.
• (b) It is conducted by practitioners themselves rather than professional researchers.
• (c) Its purpose is to develop a new educational theory related to teaching‑learning.
• (d) It is a planned process involving identification of a problem faced by the practitioner related to teaching‑learning.

84. Which of the following is an alternative conception ?

• (a) Floating or sinking of an object depends on the nature of the material it is made up of.
• (b) Floating or sinking depends upon the shape of the object.
• (c) The buoyant force on an object immersed in water depends on the water displaced by it.
• (d) Heavier objects always sink while lighter objects float.

85. During a science class, a teacher explored students’ perceptions about how scientists may look like to which she received the following responses. Which of these presents the most apt description of scientists ?

• (a) They are always serious and in thought.
• (b) They are like any other person.
• (c) They are agile and always in a hurry.
• (d) They are very brilliant but somewhat lost.

86. A teacher gives an iron nail, a coal piece, an aluminium wire and a pencil lead to her students and asks them to identify the materials that can be beaten into thin sheets. She further asks them to record their findings. Which of the following process skills are being assessed through this task ?

• (a) Hypothesizing, Observing, Predicting
• (b) Questioning, Classifying, Observing
• (c) Predicting, Classifying, Questioning
• (d) Classifying, Communicating, Observing

87. Which of the following tasks is most likely to promote ‘analytical thinking’ among students ?

• (a) Illustrate fractional distillation by taking an example.
• (b) Demonstrate a chemical test for identification of alkali metals.
• (c) State one situation where a virtual image is formed in a convex lens.
• (d) Separate a mixture of sulphur and iron provided to you.

88. A teacher wants to use inquiry approach to teach ‘shadow formation’ to her learners. Which of the following strategies would be most suitable for teaching‑learning of this concept ?

• (a) Demonstrate the formation of shadows by objects to learners.
• (b) Show a PowerPoint presentation on formation of shadows.
• (c) Let the learners observe around them and try different materials for the formation of shadows.
• (d) Ask the learners to read relevant text from the textbook.

89. Which of the following correctly describes a scientific hypothesis ?

• (a) A hypothesis is a concise statement about a phenomenon that may be framed before or after the experiment.
• (b) A hypothesis is a tentative explanation based on what is already known.
• (c) A hypothesis is a broad explanation firmly supported by evidence.
• (d) A hypothesis is a set of observations of a phenomenon verified by experimentation.

90. Read the excerpt given below : “With the help of geometry, Euclid explained why distant objects appear smaller and nearby objects appear bigger. Interestingly, he believed that vision is caused by light rays emanating from the eye and falling on the objects seen. However, Aryabhatta pointed out in 5th century BC that an object is seen when it is illuminated by light from an external source.” What does the above excerpt illustrate about science ? S1 : Science is tentative. S2 : Science is subjective.

• (a) Both S1 and S2 are false
• (b) S1 is true and S2 is false
• (c) Both S1 and S2 are true
• (d) S1 is false and S2 is true

91. Skinner opined that children would repeat sounds if they were followed by a pleasurable response. This viewpoint has its foundation in :

• (a) the nativist theory.
• (b) operant conditioning.
• (c) the language acquisition device.
• (d) observational learning.

92. If children hear two languages spoken around them, this exposure to two languages will :

• (a) not make any difference.
• (b) put children at a disadvantage.
• (c) confuse them.
• (d) put children at an advantage.

93. You want to identify the deficiencies and difficulties of the learners in your class. Which of the following evaluations would you use for the purpose ?

• (a) Diagnostic evaluation
• (b) Summative evaluation
• (c) Follow‑up evaluation
• (d) Criterion‑referenced evaluation

94. Based on your observation to develop a particular skill, you decide to use the Direct method in your class. For which skill will you use this method ?

• (a) Speaking skills
• (b) Listening skills
• (c) Writing skills
• (d) Reading skills

95. Language classroom often focuses on group and pair work. This also helps in developing an important value associated with an inclusive classroom, which is :

• (a) Collaboration
• (b) Envy
• (c) Competition
• (d) Sympathy

96. One day you bring some objects to the class and ask the children to name them. You write their responses on the blackboard and tell them that all these names are used for some objects which are called ‘nouns’ and then give its definition. The method you are using is called :

• (a) Inductive method
• (b) Deductive method
• (c) Incidental method
• (d) Direct Method

97. Your friend is asked to teach functional grammar. She comes to you for help. You tell her that functional grammar means teaching grammar in/through :

• (a) explanation of literary content.
• (b) rules supported with examples.
• (c) rules in isolation.
• (d) context.

98. Input is defined as the _____________ a learner hears and responds to for its meaning.

• (a) Language
• (b) Rules
• (c) Communication
• (d) Conversation

99. To learn about the system of rules that govern how words can be meaningfully arranged to form phrases and sentences, you need to study :

• (a) Morphology
• (b) Syntax
• (c) Phonetics
• (d) Semantics

100. When monolingual speakers move from formal to informal modes of speech in the same spoken or gestured idea, it is called :

• (a) Code‑switching
• (b) Dialect
• (c) Code‑mixing
• (d) Slang

101. Which among the following theorists hypothesized that children have a built‑in readiness to learn language ?

• (a) Skinner
• (b) Chomsky
• (c) Freud
• (d) Jim Cummins

102. A ‘Recall‑Type’ test is a test of :

• (a) Thinking ability
• (b) Memory
• (c) Understanding
• (d) Imagination

103. Children are motivated by activities that are :

• (a) planned by an adult.
• (b) meaningful to teachers.
• (c) planned by children.
• (d) meaningful to them.

104. Some words can have more than one meaning. The meaning of words in a particular language relates to which of the following ?

• (a) Semantics
• (b) Phonology
• (c) Syntax
• (d) Morphology

105. The purpose of remedial teaching is to :

• (a) teach again, the language items not properly learnt.
• (b) teach again, the language items already learnt.
• (c) introduce new language items.
• (d) test recently taught items.

106. The doctors amputated Aimee’s legs because ____________.

• (a) they had no bones
• (b) they were not of the same length
• (c) they were not strong
• (d) they were disfigured

107. When Aimee began to use designer legs, she caught the attention of ____________.

• (a) designers
• (b) the fashion and beauty industry
• (c) photographers
• (d) sports committees

108. Aimee had a painful childhood because : A. both her legs did not have bones. B. she underwent a lot of surgeries.

• (a) Only A is correct
• (b) Only B is correct
• (c) Both A and B are correct
• (d) Both A and B are incorrect

109. Which of the following statements is true ?

• (a) Soon Aimee started promoting health products.
• (b) At the Boston meet, Aimee was the only one on wooden legs.
• (c) Aimee’s mother gave her special care when she was a young child.
• (d) The Boston meet was for double amputees only.

110. At the Boston sports meet, Aimee discovered that all the other athletes had only one artificial leg. That did not discourage her. Instead, she began to do something. What was it ?

• (a) She decided to enter the fashion industry.
• (b) She decided to have designer legs.
• (c) She decided to enter long jump competition next.
• (d) She decided to participate in athletics.

111. Which one of the following words is most similar in meaning to the word, ‘self‑sufficient’ ?

• (a) Needy
• (b) Helpless
• (c) Dependent
• (d) Independent

112. Which one of the following words is most opposite to the word, ‘unconventional’ ?

• (a) Innovative
• (b) Eccentric
• (c) Traditional
• (d) Unusual

115. What did the cricket do in summer ?

• (a) Slept and relaxed
• (b) Slogged like an ant
• (c) Sat and played
• (d) Sang

116. Study the following statements : A. During winter, it was difficult to dance in the snow‑covered ground. B. However, the cricket could have enjoyed skating.

• (a) A is right and B is wrong.
• (b) B is right and A is wrong.
• (c) Both A and B are right.
• (d) Both A and B are wrong.

117. What made the cricket go to the ant ?

• (a) Starvation and famine
• (b) Empty cupboard
• (c) Approaching winter
• (d) Piles of grains at ant’s place

118. Which genre does the poem belong to ?

• (a) Epic
• (b) Sonnet
• (c) Fable
• (d) Lyric

119. What is the theme of the poem ?

• (a) We should always keep slogging like the ant.
• (b) If we don't care for our future, we will eventually suffer.
• (c) We should always pursue our hobbies.
• (d) We should keep partying and dancing.

120. ‘... sunny months of gay summer and spring.’ Identify the figure of speech used in the above line

• (a) Simile
• (b) Alliteration
• (c) Personification
• (d) Metaphor

121. Study the following statements carefully marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option from the alternatives given below. Assertion (A) : We need to design clear policies to create an enabling, inclusive, and non‑discriminatory digital economy. Reason (R) : The pandemic has promoted the usage of digital ecosystem and digital economy.

• (a) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

123. Study the following statements : A. Success of digital technology depends on high quality digital connectivity. B. Online environment needs to be safe and secure.

• (a) A is right and B is wrong.
• (b) B is right and A is wrong.
• (c) Both A and B are right.
• (d) Both A and B are wrong.

124. Which of the following words mean the same as ‘fosters’ (para 3) ?

• (a) serves
• (b) squelches
• (c) encourages
• (d) stifles

125. Read the following statements carefully and choose the most appropriate alternative : A. G20 enhances engagement among Global Innovation builders as start‑ups B. G20 is a launching pad for digital economy.

• (a) B is correct and A is wrong.
• (b) Both A and B are correct.
• (c) Both A and B are wrong.
• (d) A is correct and B is wrong.

127. Which of the following is the appropriate word from para 2 which means the same as ‘metamorphosis’ ?

• (a) transformation
• (b) inclusion
• (c) importance
• (d) application

128. The passage talks about :

• (a) Asia‑Pacific business models.
• (b) best business model.
• (c) innovative Japanese enterprises.
• (d) elements required for flourishing business.

129. What are the bases of Japanese businesses ?

• (a) Demand and supply
• (b) Good service and quality products
• (c) Mass production and low cost
• (d) Cost control but quality compromise

130. Japanese firms believe in the principle of :

• (a) doing all little things right.
• (b) doing new things.
• (c) doing only few important things right.
• (d) doing most of all little things right.

131. Japanese products are not in competition with other countries in terms of :

• (a) high profit margins.
• (b) cost and volume.
• (c) mass production, low‑cost models.
• (d) customer‑centric approach.

134. Read the following statements and choose the correct option : A. Firms are utilizing an agile corporate structure. B. A large number of manufacturers have shifted to niche fields.

• (a) A is true, but B is false.
• (b) A is correct but not related to B.
• (c) Both A and B are false.
• (d) Both A and B are true but not connected to each other.

135. According to the passage, what is not a crucial factor in a firm’s success ? Select the most appropriate combination. A. Adaptability B. Mass production C. Change in focus of production D. Client satisfaction E. New offerings

• (a) A, C, D
• (b) A, D, E
• (c) C, D, E
• (d) A, B, E Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the correct/most appropriate option.

136. You go through the students’ notebooks and give remarks. This is an example of :

• (a) Feedback
• (b) Evaluation
• (c) Daily remarks
• (d) Notebook checking

137. Good speakers have the ability of :

• (a) Quick analysis
• (b) Paraphrasing
• (c) Translating
• (d) Understanding

138. Phonemic awareness refers to :

• (a) writing with correct spellings.
• (b) reading words accurately and fluently.
• (c) the ability to identify and manipulate phonemes in spoken words.
• (d) the ability to establish relation between phonemes and graphemes.

139. Which of the following are not related to emergent literacy ?

• (a) Basic alphabet knowledge
• (b) Early phonological awareness
• (c) Taking note
• (d) Understanding that print carries meaning

140. As a teacher, you prefer to use audio‑visual aids and physical activities in your teaching. You do this because you find that they :

• (a) utilize maximum number of senses to enhance learning.
• (b) divert the attention of the learners.
• (c) facilitate effective assessment.
• (d) provide relief to you in the classroom.

141. A language teacher wants to conduct a problem‑solving method effectively in her class. She should :

• (a) look at the students’ activities from a distance.
• (b) ask the students to consult their parents.
• (c) encourage divergent thinking.
• (d) participate actively in the process.

142. The most important element in Communicative Language Teaching is :

• (a) the structure of language.
• (b) memorizing the rules of grammar.
• (c) the skill of writing.
• (d) meaning.

143. A listener listens to the main idea, predicting, drawing inferences and summarizing. What are these strategies known as ?

• (a) Bottom‑up processes
• (b) Cognitive processes
• (c) Analytical processes
• (d) Top‑down processes

144. You are in the process of selecting the most suitable teaching aid. Which one of the following is not relevant in respect of selection of correct teaching aids ?

• (a) It should be simple and easy to use.
• (b) It need not have specific educational values.
• (c) It should be child‑centered.
• (d) It should be in sync with the topic being taught in the class.

145. Which speaker would be most likely to engage in code‑mixing ?

• (a) Meera, a bilingual adult
• (b) Satyaveer, a monolingual adult
• (c) Arpita, a monolingual child
• (d) Garv, a bilingual child

146. You observe that Mandakini, a student of class IV, often makes mistakes while using tenses. You can help Mandakini overcome this problem by :

• (a) asking Mandakini to write tenses 10 times in her notebook.
• (b) explaining or writing rules of grammar.
• (c) asking her to memorize rules of tenses thoroughly.
• (d) giving her real life situations or examples where she can use tenses.

147. You love to have classroom discourse because it :

• (a) does not give importance to learner’s contributions.
• (b) brings clarity and distinctiveness in the speech.
• (c) gives you power as a teacher.
• (d) hardly prompts the learners to think.

148. Which among the following highlights the significant difference in Vygotsky’s and Piaget’s theory ?

• (a) Understanding that learning is a simple/complex process
• (b) Understanding children as active/passive learners
• (c) The relationship between language and thought
• (d) The constructive/objective role of children in the process of meaning‑making

149. Rakesh, a student in your class, often makes errors in tense forms. To help him overcome this problem, you can :

• (a) ask Rakesh to write the rules ten times in his notebook.
• (b) explain to him the rules of grammar.
• (c) take up many examples for the entire class and pay special attention to Rakesh.
• (d) scold Rakesh to make him learn the rules.

150. Children who are differently abled join a new school. Teachers give different reactions. Which one reflects the concept of inclusive education ?

• (a) “Oh ! How will such children mix with other children of the class ?”
• (b) “Oh ! How can I teach children who cannot even hear ?”
• (c) “Oh ! There should be a separate section for such children.”
• (d) “Wow ! It will provide a good opportunity for the children to learn to help each other and be supportive.”