CTET Paper I — 1 March 2026 (Set K)

1. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : At any age, the teacher should focus on what the child cannot do rather than what they can do with help or support. Reason (R) : Lev Vygotsky proposed that learning should include only those behaviours that the child can do independently.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

2. Which of the following statements about gifted children is correct ?

• (a) Gifted children have superior academic, social as well as emotional skills.
• (b) Gifted children excel in all areas of academics as well as in extra‑curricular activities.
• (c) Gifted children have a high degree of mental ability in specific domain of knowledge.
• (d) Gifted children come up with novel and original solutions to given problems.

3. At which level of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning, children typically do not fully understand rules set down by others and society ?

• (a) Post‑operational level
• (b) Pre‑conventional level
• (c) Conventional level
• (d) Pre‑operational level

4. What should be the purposes of assessement ? (i) To analyze students’ responses to find out what they know and understand (ii) To identify gaps in knowledge (iii) To identify effective learning activities (iv) To assign comparative marks to students Choose the correct option :

• (a) (ii) (iii) and (iv)
• (b) (i) and (ii)
• (c) (i) (ii) and (iii)
• (d) (i) (iii) and (iv)

5. According to Lev Vygotsky’s theory, what is meant by the term ‘scaffolding’ ?

• (a) A resource material that aids in better recall of concepts.
• (b) A measurement tool used to assess a student’s cognitive development.
• (c) A metaphorical term for when students are left to learn on their own.
• (d) A strategy in which a more knowledgeable person provides support and guidance to help a less knowledgeable person learn a new skill or concept.

6. Which of the following factors contribute to growth and development during early childhood ? (i) Cultural practices (ii) Nutrition (iii) Play opportunities (iv) Quality of education Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
• (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only
• (c) (i) and (ii) only
• (d) (ii) and (iii) only

7. Children demonstrate ___________ when they add the new schema for recognizing ‘horses’ to their other systems for identifying animals.

• (a) Scaffolding
• (b) Accommodation
• (c) Metacognition
• (d) Assimilation

8. Lev Vygotsky’s theory has been criticized for :

• (a) Considering prominence of emotional factors in forming motivation for learning.
• (b) Emphasizing biological influences in the process of development at the expense of socio‑cultural factors.
• (c) Giving importance to students instead of teachers in the process of learning.
• (d) Overlooking the role of genetics and biology in the course of learning.

9. Growth of the body and brain, sensory capabilities and motor skills are a part of :

• (a) Sensory motor development
• (b) Physical development
• (c) Cognitive development
• (d) Social development

10. The processes of problem‑solving are hindered by :

• (a) Use of algorithms
• (b) Heuristics
• (c) Functional fixedness
• (d) Analogical thinking

11. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Self‑regulation and impulse control should be a vital component of school curriculum. Reason (R) : Socio‑emotional skills help students to regulate their own learning.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are false.

12. Which of the following age‑group corresponds to middle childhood ?

• (a) 6 – 11 years
• (b) 12 – 16 years
• (c) 3 – 5 years
• (d) Birth to 2 years

13. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : To ensure assessment for learning, teacher‑made tasks should be included for providing feedback to support student learning rather than the use of standardised outcome performances. Reason (R) : Standardized tests are more aligned with the assessment of learning rather than assessment for learning.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) false.

14. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Children’s development is a direct result of unfolding of genetic codes. Reason (R) : Childhood is a natural biological stage of development.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) false.

15. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Teachers should not associate learning with strict discipline because children do not learn effectively in an environment of fear and stress. Reason (R) : Early childhood is a sensitive period for the development of language.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

16. Learned patterns of culturally approved masculine and feminine behaviours are referred to as ‘Gender ____________’.

• (a) stereotypes
• (b) roles
• (c) bias
• (d) constancy

17. How should a teacher deal with students who are distracted in her class ?

• (a) Offer material rewards for every class that they are attentive in
• (b) Give them severe punishment
• (c) Call the parents and threaten to give severe punishment to the children
• (d) Divide the class into manageable groups and let them learn cooperatively

18. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Teachers in middle classes often have different expectations from boys and girls. Reason (R) : Beliefs about ‘sex’ differences inform stereotypes, which often leads to just two labels — boys and girls.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

19. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Inclusion incorporates acceptance of differences and ensuring that all forms of exclusion are removed. Reason (R) : Diversity should be valued rather than looking at it as an obstacle.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) false.

20. In order to nurture critical thinking skills among students, a teacher should design and deliver activities which demand : (i) Logical reasoning and analysis. (ii) Mere retrieval of previously learnt concepts. (iii) Rote rehearsal and memorization. (iv) Synthesis and evaluation of information. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (ii) and (iv)
• (b) (ii) and (iii)
• (c) (i) and (iv)
• (d) (i) and (ii)

21. According to Jean Piaget, intelligence is the ability to make changes in __________, the basic building blocks for learning.

• (a) Concepts
• (b) Cognitive maps
• (c) Schemas
• (d) Associations

22. A constructivist classroom implies :

• (a) Focus on reproduction of knowledge.
• (b) Viewing learning as a passive process.
• (c) Using multiple pedagogical strategies.
• (d) Emphasis on the role of teacher as an instructor.

23. Dyslexia is a ___________.

• (a) Developmental writing disorder
• (b) Developmental reading disorder
• (c) Developmental motor disorder
• (d) Developmental autoimmune disorder

24. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Effective teaching involves presenting information to students in an organized manner and provide opportunities for discussion. Reason (R) : Learning is primarily a process of memorization and reproduction of information.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

25. Which of the following is an effective teaching strategy for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ?

• (a) Scheduling long and non‑stop lectures
• (b) Providing constant critical verbal feedback
• (c) Giving tasks that require multi‑tasking
• (d) Using visual aids and hands‑on activities

26. Early symptoms of cerebral palsy can be identified by long delay in _____________.

• (a) understanding and comprehension
• (b) fine motor and gross motor skills
• (c) reading and writing
• (d) visual recognition of objects

27. Development of children is :

• (a) accurately predictable
• (b) a simple unitary process
• (c) disorderly and erratic
• (d) a unified process

28. In Jean Piaget’s theory, intelligence is about the development of :

• (a) Ability to use cultural tools
• (b) Control over one’s basic instincts
• (c) Emotional maturity
• (d) Cognitive schemas

29. Which of the following order of presenting the concepts favours effective learning ?

• (a) Known to unknown
• (b) Complex to simple
• (c) Iconic to symbolic
• (d) Abstract to concrete

30. Constructivist approaches of knowledge construction encourage students to :

• (a) Rote‑memorize the content.
• (b) Interact and collaborate with peers.
• (c) Follow singular way of solving a problem.
• (d) Cast‑off their cultural understandings.

31. What is the sum of the next two numbers in the following pattern ? 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, ____, ____

• (a) 68
• (b) 71
• (c) 69
• (d) 67

32. In ∆ ABC, sides BC and BA are produced to D and E, respectively. If ∠ ACD = 120° and ∠ CAE = 130°, then what is the measure of ∠ ABC ?

• (a) 65°
• (b) 70°
• (c) 75°
• (d) 80°

33. If 1001 × 121 = 11 × 12111 – 275 ×___________, then what is the number at the blank space ?

• (a) 42
• (b) 88
• (c) 44
• (d) 22

34. If 3024 = p4 × q3 × r, where p, q and r are prime numbers, then what is the value of (3p – 5q + r) ?

• (a) – 4
• (b) – 2
• (c) 0
• (d) 2 4 3

35. If the number of faces and edges of a polyhedron is 5 and 8 respectively, then the number of its vertices is :

• (a) 8
• (b) 5
• (c) 10
• (d) 15

36. If 112 ones + 12 thousands – 11012 = □ × 25, then the number in the place of □ is :

• (a) 54
• (b) 42
• (c) 52
• (d) 44

37. The LCM of 21, 36, and 66 is not a multiple of :

• (a) 42
• (b) 28
• (c) 72
• (d) 44

38. The cost of 8 pens is ₹ 116 and the cost of 15 pencils is ₹ 67·50. Surbhi has one ₹ 200 note. If she buys 6 pens and 8 pencils, then how many rupees are left with her ?

• (a) ₹ 70
• (b) ₹ 77
• (c) ₹ 80
• (d) ₹ 74

39. The internal length, breadth and height of a rectangular box are 12 cm, 10 cm and 7 cm, respectively. How many such boxes are needed to pack 6720 centimetre cubes ?

• (a) 7
• (b) 6
• (c) 9
• (d) 8

40. Which of the following statements is not true ?

• (a) Sum of two acute angles can be equal to a straight angle.
• (b) Sum of two acute angles can be equal to a right angle.
• (c) Sum of two acute angles can be equal to an obtuse angle.
• (d) Sum of an acute angle and an obtuse angle can be equal to a straight angle.

42. The following table shows the number of students in School ABC, present on different days of a week. Study the table and answer the question : Days Number of students present Monday 382 Tuesday 390 Wednesday 405 Thursday 411 Friday 388 The total number of students present on Tuesday and Thursday exceeds the total number of students present on Monday and Friday by :

• (a) 37
• (b) 31
• (c) 32
• (d) 33

43. The difference between the remainder obtained on dividing 2002 by 101 and dividing 2201 by 102 lies between :

• (a) 25 and 30
• (b) 20 and 25
• (c) 15 and 20
• (d) 30 and 35

44. The weight of 20 laddoos is 1 kg. If 8 laddoos can be packed in one box, then how many boxes are required to pack 50 kg laddoos ?

• (a) 150
• (b) 100
• (c) 120
• (d) 125

45. Which of the following statements is/are true ? 2 (i) The number of minutes in 6 days is equal to number of seconds in 2 hours. 5 ​ (ii) The number of minutes in 10 days is equal to the number of minutes in 120 hours. (iii) The number of seconds in 2 hours is equal to the number of minutes in 5 days. (iv) The number of hours in 5 days is equal to the number of seconds in 2 minutes. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (iii) only
• (b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
• (c) (i) and (iii) only
• (d) (ii) and (iii) only

46. A primary class mathematics teacher gave his students the following problem to solve : “If the price of one toy car is ₹ 50, then what would be the cost of 25 such toy cars ?” One of the students responded, “Ten cars will be ₹ 500; twenty cars will be ₹ 1,000; five cars will be ₹ 250; so the total cost is ₹ 1,250.” What are the heuristics used by the student in the above algorithm ?

• (a) The commutative law of addition
• (b) Decomposition and associative law
• (c) Decomposition and repeated groupings
• (d) The associative law of multipliation

47. ‘Each prime number has only two factors.’ Which method is most appropriate to be followed to prove it in Class VI ?

• (a) Deductive method
• (b) Synthesis method
• (c) Inductive method
• (d) Analysis method

48. If a line is transversal to three lines, then how many angles will be formed ?

• (a) 3
• (b) 12
• (c) 9
• (d) 6

49. Who is the inventor of Multi‑base Arithmetic Blocks (MAB) — mathematical manipulatives that can be used by students to build number sense, understand addition, place value and counting ?

• (a) Zoltán Dienes
• (b) Van Hiele
• (c) Hans Freudenthal
• (d) Magdalene Lampert

50. A student has solved the problem on subtraction in the following way : 604 ​ – 86 ​ 524 Choose the most apropriate option in the light of solution given by the student :

• (a) The student has done a careless mistake.
• (b) The student has extended the algorithm of addition to subtraction.
• (c) The student does not know how to do subtraction of two numbers.
• (d) The student has regrouped both the places of tens and ones as ‘10’.

51. ‘Infinite series of π’ was invented by __________.

• (a) Mahavira
• (b) Aryabhata
• (c) Ramanujan
• (d) Bhaskara I

52. Which of the following are the misconceptions regarding Comprehensive and Continuous Evaluation (CCE) ? (i) CCE is nothing but converts marks into grades. (ii) Teachers have to give home assignment every day to assess children’s learning. (iii) It helps in reducing stress and anxiety in mathematics. (iv) In CCE, assessment is a part of teaching and learning. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (iii) and (iv)
• (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
• (c) (i) and (ii)
• (d) (iv) only

53. Madhu has begun to reason logically and can perform conservation‑based activities mentally. According to Jean Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development is Madhu ?

• (a) Formal‑operational
• (b) Pre‑operational
• (c) Concrete‑operational
• (d) Sensori‑motor

54. “If the price of a shirt is ₹ 800 and the shopkeeper sells it at a discount of 16% , what will be the selling price ?” Two of the students of Class VI, answered it in the following ways : Student I : Selling price = ₹ 800 – 16% of ₹ 800 = ₹ 800 – ₹ (80 + 48) = ₹ 800 – ₹ 128 = ₹ 672 Student II : Selling price = ₹ 800 – 16% of ₹ 800 = ₹ 800 – ₹ = ₹ 800 – ₹ 8 × 16 = ₹ 800 – ₹ 128 = ₹ 672 Which of the following is most appropriate for the above situation ?

• (a) Mathematical processes used by both student I and student II are correct, but process used by student I cannot be used in the examination.
• (b) Mathematical process used by student I is incorrect.
• (c) Mathematical processes used by both student I and student II are correct.
• (d) Mathematical process used by only student II is correct.

55. Which of the following is not true for anecdotal records as a tool for assessment ?

• (a) Refers to written descriptions of a child’s progress that a teacher keeps on a daily basis
• (b) Includes many interesting classroom events
• (c) It is a collection of a child’s selected best pieces of work
• (d) Provides observational narrative records of significant incidents in a child’s life

56. National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP 2020) does not lay emphasis on ____________.

• (a) Conceptual understanding
• (b) Experiential learning
• (c) Learning through activities
• (d) Rote learning

57. Which of the following statements is not true ?

• (a) The Hindu‑Arabic numeration system is based on the concept of place value that uses ten as a ‘base’.
• (b) There is no distinction between a ‘number’ and a ‘numeral’.
• (c) One‑to‑one correspondence is a pre‑number concept.
• (d) In Hindu‑Arabic numeration system, all numbers can be represented using a finite set of digits.

58. Identify the most appropriate strategy to introduce the concept of multiplication at primary level.

• (a) They should be introduced to multiplication symbol.
• (b) They should be told to practice at least 10 multiplication problems every day.
• (c) Children should be told to memorize multiplication tables till 20.
• (d) Children need to be given ample day‑to‑day examples of multiplication as repetitive addition.

59. Identify the statement which is not correct among the following :

• (a) Mathematics is not the study of algorithms only.
• (b) Mathematics is the study of patterns.
• (c) Estimation is not a mathematical skill.
• (d) Mathematics helps in solving problems.

60. Which of the following represents a non‑traditional view of mathematics education at primary level ?

• (a) It is to prepare learners for higher mathematics.
• (b) It is about making sense of mathematical objects, data, spatial forms and patterns.
• (c) It is about rules and methods of solving problems.
• (d) It is a set of problems to be solved in a prescribed manner.

61. Which of the following are used for “Cheraw”, a special dance form of Mizoram ?

• (a) Clay pots, Wooden clubs
• (b) Bamboo sticks , Drums
• (c) Whistle, Dhol
• (d) Bamboo sticks, Flute

62. Which one of the following products is not obtained from Petroleum ?

• (a) Kerosene oil
• (b) Wax
• (c) Grease
• (d) Jatropa oil

63. Which of the following statements is true about weaver birds ?

• (a) They are only found in South America.
• (b) They are nocturnal birds.
• (c) The male and female weaver birds together make beautifully woven nests.
• (d) The female bird chooses the nest she likes the most and decides to lay her eggs there.

64. When moist bread is kept in a closed container for 3 – 4 days, greenish black patches grow on bread. The greenish black patches growing on it is ___________.

• (a) Mushroom
• (b) Bacteria
• (c) Yeast
• (d) Bread Mold

65. Match the Classical dances with the States associated : Classical Dance State A. Bharatanatyam i. Andhra Pradesh B. Kathak ii. Kerala C. Mohiniattam iii. Uttar Pradesh D. Kuchipudi iv. Tamil Nadu Choose the correct option from the following :

• (a) A‑i, B‑iii, C‑ii, D‑iv
• (b) A‑iii, B‑iv, C‑i, D‑ii
• (c) A‑ii, B‑i, C‑iv, D‑iii
• (d) A‑iv, B‑iii, C‑ii, D‑i

66. The bordering states of Madhya Pradesh are :

• (a) Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Bihar
• (b) Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana
• (c) Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat
• (d) Gujarat, Maharashtra, Jharkhand

67. Consider the following description of the common houses built in a part of our country : “Houses made of stones or wood with slanting roofs”. This part is :

• (a) Assam
• (b) Ladakh
• (c) Rajasthan
• (d) Himachal Pradesh

68. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Bhimbetka is famous for caves and shelters. Reason (R) : These rock shelters are close to the Narmada Valley.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

69. A doctor is located at X and his clinic is located at Y. Since there is no straight road between the two locations, the doctor first goes to A which is about 250 m due South of X, then goes to B which is about 400 m due East of A, then to C which is about 125 m South of B, and finally reaches the clinic at Y which is about 650 m due West of C. With respect to the clinic at Y, the actual direction of the doctor’s house at X is :

• (a) South‑West
• (b) North‑East
• (c) South‑East
• (d) North‑West

70. Which of the following look after and guard the ants’ nest ?

• (a) Soldier Ants
• (b) Pharaoh Ant
• (c) Queen Ant
• (d) Worker Ants

71. Consider the following statements : (i) Dr. Beaumont is the person who on the basis of his experiments found many secrets about digestion of food. (ii) He found that a stomach churns the food to digest it with the help of digestive juices secreted by it. (iii) He also found that the juice in our stomach is basic. (iv) Dr. Beaumont did experiments on the stomach of the same person for nineteen years. The correct statements are :

• (a) (ii) and (iv)
• (b) (i) and (iii)
• (c) (i) and (iv)
• (d) (i) and (ii)

72. Consider the following statements and select which one of the statements is not correct.

• (a) A herd usually has 10 to 12 female elephants and young ones.
• (b) Oldest female elephant is the leader of the herd.
• (c) An elephant herd has only females and baby elephants.
• (d) Male elephants leave the herd when they are 24‑25 years old.

73. Gandhiji went on a long march called ‘Dandi March’ in 1930 to break the Salt law imposed by the British. His march (yatra) was from ___________ to ___________ in Gujarat.

• (a) Dandi seashore, Ahmedabad
• (b) Ahmedabad, Dandi seashore
• (c) Ahmedabad, Gandhi Nagar
• (d) Gandhi Nagar, Sabarmati

74. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Sometimes, kings got their orders inscribed so that people could see, read and obey them. Reason (A) : There are other kinds of inscriptions as well where kings and queens recorded what they did.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

75. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Solar energy and Tidal energy are called renewable energy sources. Reason (R) : Non‑renewable energy sources take thousands of years to be renewed.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

76. Dev is teaching environmental issues to class V children. He takes the children of his class for field trips. For assessment of children, he seeks to use an assessment tool that clearly indicates achievement criteria in all components of children’s work of any kind, from written to oral. Which of the following is an assessment tool ?

• (a) Rating Scale
• (b) Rubrics
• (c) Narratives of teachers
• (d) Check‑list

77. For studying environmental issues, a teacher tells the story of the stomach of the mosquito in the words of a scientist. Which of the following is the most appropriate reason to have this story in the textbook ?

• (a) Telling children what the scientific process is and after which tireless efforts the scientists complete their discovery.
• (b) Very small bacteria are seen with a microscope.
• (c) Malaria spreads only through mosquitoes.
• (d) Ronald Ross got a big prize in the field of medicine in 1902.

78. Which of the following should not be the most appropriate while studying the world around as ?

• (a) Teacher centered approach
• (b) Development of qualities like problem solving
• (c) Development of positive attitude and values
• (d) Child centered approach

79. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Conversations with people with different understanding on the same subject make us feel the need to think more critically so that our knowledge is refined. Reason (R) : According to constructivism, the process of knowledge creation is basically a social process, in which the views and beliefs of others play an important role.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

80. Which of the following should be an objective of studying the environment by children ? Fill in the blanks given in this objective by choosing the appropriate options given below in the correct order : To enhance the child’s ____________ understanding and efficiency so that curiosity about ____________ facts is awakened in him, which is helpful in moving from ____________ environment to ____________ environment.

• (a) Psychodynamic, Familial, Social, Natural
• (b) Cognitive, Social, Familial, Extended
• (c) Social, Cognitive, Extended, Familial
• (d) Emotional, Natural, Cultural, Social

81. Which of the following is not the appropriate indicator for assessment in studying environmental issues ?

• (a) Discussion
• (b) Observation
• (c) Analysis
• (d) Remembering

82. A good EVS teacher always talks about environmental issues by taking examples from the children’s environment. This environment of children helps a lot in their learning. This environment of the child is ____________.

• (a) Tertiary context
• (b) Secondary context
• (c) Natural context
• (d) Primary context

83. Many messages related to the environment can be given through puppets, but for this, the teacher should train the children and develop special skills. Which of the following strategies by the teacher for making puppets in the classroom can motivate the children to make puppets ? (i) Make small groups of children so that fear and hesitation can be removed from among them. (ii) Promote the development of children’s self‑confidence and positive thinking skills. (iii) Create a structured environment for the children in the classroom. (iv) Create a competitive environment for puppet making in the class. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i) and (iv)
• (b) (ii) and (iii)
• (c) (i) and (ii)
• (d) (iii) and (iv)

84. As per the theme “Travel” given in NCERT textbook, children are made to understand the technology, design, use of metals, etc. of the olden times through historical buildings. Which general objective of studying the environment is being achieved through this theme ?

• (a) Making a report on how the survey of the buildings is done
• (b) Estimating and measuring work as a preparatory step, keeping in view the development of quantitative skills in later stages
• (c) Filling out the map of historical buildings
• (d) Connecting children with the experiences of identifying directions

85. The curriculum of EVS can be made much richer and more creative only if it is based on the principle of moving from the concrete to the abstract. Which of the following is indicating the principle of concrete to abstract in the context of learning EVS ? (i) The knowledge of the class should be linked to the children’s own life experience. (ii) The natural and social environment of the child should be explained first. (iii) Emphasis should be placed on the need to protect the child’s natural environment. (iv) Emphasis should be given on the participation of children in the knowledge construction of children. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i) and (iv)
• (b) (i) only
• (c) (ii) only
• (d) (ii) and (iii)

86. Which one of the following learning indicators is related to the “expression” area of assessment ?

• (a) Expressing ideas through pictures
• (b) Participation
• (c) Hypothesising
• (d) Prediction

87. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : In environmental studies, the actions of children are not to be judged as right/wrong. Children should get a chance to express their views, report observations and express their own experiences. Such a recommendation has been made by the National Curriculum Framework 2005 and 2023. Reason (R) : The National Curriculum Framework 2005 and 2023 recommend qualitative assessment of children.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

88. Experiments with water develop various process skills in children. Which one of the following is not a process skill ?

• (a) Retrieving facts
• (b) Analyzing
• (c) Discussion
• (d) Drawing conclusions

89. Which one of the following sub‑themes related to “Food” should be most suitable for class III children ?

• (a) Cooking food and eating with family
• (b) What carnivorous animals eat ?
• (c) When food gets spoiled
• (d) From farm to market

90. Many social issues have been kept in the NCERT Environmental Studies textbooks like who does the cleaning in the school/house, with whom the children share water/food. For such social issues, what should be the pedagogy of studying environment ? (i) The teacher should not impose his/her views on the children about what is right and what is wrong. (ii) Allow free sharing of children’s experiences and ideas. (iii) Such social issues should definitely be discussed in the class but should not be discussed too much. (iv) Children feel that such experiences have happened not only to them. Choose the correct option :

• (a) (i), (ii) and (iv)
• (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
• (c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
• (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

91. A teacher of class III gives her sudents unseen passage worksheets, writing tasks, picture description activities, recitation and storytelling by them across the term. She has recorded the performance of the learners to include in the overall performance assessment of the learners. This record of assessment is known as :

• (a) Portfolio
• (b) Summative assessment
• (c) Formative assessment
• (d) Performance

92. A child reads a storybook of her interest. This type of reading is referred to as :

• (a) Extensive reading
• (b) Intensive reading
• (c) Skimming
• (d) Scanning

93. Which of the following should not be the objective of reading stories at foundational stage ?

• (a) Explicitly tell moral values
• (b) Enhance reading skills
• (c) Develop culture of reading
• (d) Enhance vocabulary

94. A child reads an unseen passage. He is expected to answer the questions that follow. This type of reading is referred to as :

• (a) Skimming
• (b) Scanning
• (c) Exclusive reading
• (d) Extensive reading

95. Read the following statements about reading skills. A. Reading is just the ability to decode. B. Children learn to read through involvement in the act of reading. Which of the above statements is/are True/False ?

• (a) Only B is true.
• (b) Only A is true.
• (c) Both A and B are true.
• (d) Both A and B are false.

96. In process writing approach, pre‑writing is :

• (a) One element of the writing process during which writers consider what they have written and make changes in the content.
• (b) One element of the writing process during which writers generate potential topics and writing ideas.
• (c) One element of the writing process during which writers formally share their work with a wider audience.
• (d) One element of the writing process during which writers capture preliminary ideas.

97. A classroom makes the learners notice language through various means, viz. on the wall, class library, audio and videos. This can be described as :

• (a) Language comprehension
• (b) Input‑rich environment
• (c) Language practice through senses
• (d) Language acquisition

98. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Language is an effective tool for communication. Reason (R) : Language helps to convey social messages.

• (a) (A) is true, but (R) false.
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• (d) (R) is true, but (A) is false.

99. A teacher does actions which learners follow as directed and learners are not expected to speak or use language. What is this method known as ?

• (a) Dramatics
• (b) Total Physical Response
• (c) Communicative approach
• (d) Imitation method

100. A teacher believes that free writing will help her students to strengthen their language skills. Free writing can be understood as writing that :

• (a) is taken from any free source.
• (b) is based on noting down everything that comes to the mind, without concern for form, style or grammar.
• (c) is based on free drawing.
• (d) is planned and written for a free source, with focus on grammatically correct sentences.

101. Which approach makes use of carefully selected and graded items ?

• (a) Structural approach
• (b) Constructivism approach
• (c) Skill‑based approach
• (d) Communicative approach

102. Which one of the following is a characteristic of the language disorder ‘Dyslexia’ ?

• (a) Inconsistent spacing between letters/words
• (b) Reversals in reading
• (c) Difficulty forming letter shapes
• (d) Students have good verbal but poor writing skills

103. Which of the following principles of emerging literacy is not supported by Vygotsky ?

• (a) Child‑directed exploration
• (b) Cooperative learning
• (c) Adult‑guided learning
• (d) Drill and practice

104. Comprehensible input includes :

• (a) Using a variety of techniques such as gestures, body language, pictures, and objects.
• (b) Objectives displayed in the classroom.
• (c) Grouping students appropriately.
• (d) The syllabus and language objectives displayed for the parents to ensure what is being taught to their children.

106. Why was Lata frowning ?

• (a) Because she had not done well in the examination.
• (b) Because she had quarrelled with her friend.
• (c) Because she had been scolded by her parents.
• (d) Because she could not take the examination.

107. Which exam had Lata taken ?

• (a) History
• (b) French literature
• (c) Physical Science
• (d) English literature

108. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. Lata had done well in the examination. B. She feared she would be asked how she had fared in the examination at home.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) B is true but A is false.
• (d) A is true but B is false.

109. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. Some history students too were discussing their paper. B. The young man too had not fared well in his exam.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) A is true but B is false.
• (d) B is true but A is false.

112. ‘... how well she had done.’ Identify the tense of the given expression.

• (a) Present Perfect Tense
• (b) Simple Past Tense
• (c) Past Perfect Tense
• (d) Simple Future Tense

113. ‘A knot of history students ...’ What does ‘knot’ mean in this expression ?

• (a) group
• (b) string
• (c) loop
• (d) joint

115. Who is the narrator in the poem ?

• (a) The poet
• (b) A villager
• (c) A common man
• (d) The reader

116. What was the condition of the mother ?

• (a) She was in acute pain.
• (b) She had high fever.
• (c) She had recovered from illness.
• (d) She was hale and hearty.

117. By conviction, the father was ____________.

• (a) a confirmed atheist
• (b) a devotee of God
• (c) an upholder of reason and rationality
• (d) a believer in destiny

118. The mother thanked God for ____________.

• (a) her quick recovery
• (b) sparing her children
• (c) being able to get a doctor in time
• (d) escaping the scorpion’s bite

119. Which literary device has been used in the expression : ‘to tame the poison’ ?

• (a) Metaphor
• (b) Anaphora
• (c) Oxymoron
• (d) Simile

120. Which figure of speech is there in ‘the flame feeding on my mother’ ?

• (a) Simile
• (b) Personification
• (c) Irony
• (d) Alliteration

121. Where had Venkatashami gone ?

• (a) He had gone to the city for work.
• (b) He had gone for higher studies.
• (c) He had gone into hiding.
• (d) He had eloped with a girl.

122. When Venkatashami was brought back home, _____________.

• (a) he looked hale and hearty
• (b) he was running high fever
• (c) he looked the same as he had left
• (d) he looked weak and emaciated

123. What was Venkatashami’s attitude towards the girl ?

• (a) He did not care for her.
• (b) He deserted her and came home.
• (c) He was indifferent towards her.
• (d) He loved her passionately.

124. What was Venkatashami’s final fate ?

• (a) He returned home to live a long life.
• (b) He suffered from a mysterious illness all his life.
• (c) He migrated and lived in another city .
• (d) He died a tragic death.

125. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. The family was willing to marry Venkatashami to the Dombara girl. B. Venkatashami came home on his own accord.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) B is true but A is false.
• (d) A is true but B is false.

126. What literary device has been used in the expression ‘... like a flash of lightning among the clouds’ ?

• (a) Hyperbole
• (b) Paradox
• (c) Simile
• (d) Parallelism

127. Identify the tense of the given expression : ‘... led him astray.’

• (a) Past Continuous
• (b) Simple Present
• (c) Past Perfect
• (d) Simple Past

128. Choose the word nearest in meaning to ‘ramble’.

• (a) jump
• (b) walk
• (c) quieten
• (d) wander Directions : Answer the following questions by selecting the correct/most appropriate option.

129. Read the following statements. A. Writing experiences promote reading comprehension. B. Writing helps in developing vocabulary knowledge. Which of the above statements is/are true for importance of writing in early years ?

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Only B is true.
• (c) Both A and B are false.
• (d) Only A is true.

130. A teacher of class III wants to conduct a pre‑writing activity as a part of the writing task assigned to students. Which of the following activity cannot be conducted as a pre‑writing activity ?

• (a) Revising the drafts of their partners
• (b) Talking to their partner on ideas related to the topic
• (c) Brainstorming ideas, and jotting them on the board
• (d) Giving reading material related to the topic

131. A reading activity in which learners hear or read different parts of a text, then exchange information with others in order to complete a task, is referred to as :

• (a) Running dictation
• (b) Jigsaw dictation
• (c) Running text
• (d) Dumb charades

132. Navomita, a teacher of class II, has maintained a classroom library and she encourages the students to read stories. This practice should be followed to _____________.

• (a) explicitly discuss and memorize moral values of the stories
• (b) develop a culture of reading
• (c) make students memorize more stories
• (d) keep students busy for a long time while the teacher completes her pending work

133. Which of the following is true for emergent literacy ?

• (a) Literacy begins with memorizing of rhymes.
• (b) Literacy begins with writing of alphabets.
• (c) Literacy comes as naturally as crawling and jumping.
• (d) Literacy emerges before children are formally taught to read.

134. ‘Peer review’ is understood as an important strategy for improving students’ writing process. The purpose of ‘peer review’ is to :

• (a) connect ideas and build paragraphs for writing.
• (b) help the teacher in evaluation of writing of students.
• (c) offer formative feedback to their peers, which further helps them to improve their drafts.
• (d) encourage in finding faults of their peers.

135. Read the following statements : A. Dialect is a variety of a language, spoken in one part of a country. B. Languages have written literature but dialects have oral tradition. Which of these statements is/are linguistically correct about language and dialect ?

• (a) Only A is true.
• (b) Both A and B are true.
• (c) Both A and B are false.
• (d) Only B is true.

136. “Understands and uses new words” can be a rubric for assessing :

• (a) Pronunciation
• (b) Grammar
• (c) Fluency
• (d) Vocabulary

137. A teacher of class III asks the children to draw a story as she narrates it. Through this activity, which language skill can be assessed ?

• (a) Reading Skill
• (b) Speaking Skill
• (c) Listening Skill
• (d) Writing Skill

138. Which of the following about language development is supported by Piaget ?

• (a) The development of language is a cause, not a consequence of cognitive development.
• (b) Certain language concepts must be taught when the child has reached the appropriate stage of cognitive maturity.
• (c) Children need to memorize grammatical rules in order to learn a language.
• (d) Language development is just like habit formation.

139. The basic premise of Vygotskian principles does not include :

• (a) Zone of proximal development
• (b) Enculturation
• (c) Scaffolding
• (d) Assimilation

140. The idea that ‘The language provides the framework for our thoughts’ is supported by :

• (a) Jean Piaget
• (b) Jerome Bruner
• (c) Sapir‑Whorf Hypothesis
• (d) Noam Chomsky

141. Which of the following is the characteristic of the learning disorder ‘Dysgraphia’ ?

• (a) Difficulty forming letter shapes
• (b) Reversals in writing
• (c) Delays in speaking and acquiring language
• (d) Difficulty in learning the names of the letters and sounds of the alphabet

142. Given below are two statements, one marked as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Learners of second language take more time to develop basic interpersonal communicative skills than cognitive academic language proficiency. Reason (R) : Conversational proficiency is more context‑embedded than academic proficiency.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• (b) (R) is true, but (A) is false.
• (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

144. Who was the immediate successor of Chandragupta Maurya ?

• (a) Antiochus
• (b) Bindusara
• (c) Seleucus
• (d) Ashoka

145. In the Mauryan period, what principal factor led to India opening up to the outside world ?

• (a) Spread of Buddhism
• (b) Exports of other countries
• (c) Ambassadors of many countries coming to India
• (d) Intellectual attainments

146. Before Ashoka, the Mauryan empire excluded __________.

• (a) the North‑West
• (b) the North
• (c) the East
• (d) the South‑East and a part of the South

147. Which of the following statements is True/False ? A. After the Kalinga war, Ashoka became a pacifist. B. Ashoka established his sway over the whole of India.

• (a) Both A and B are true.
• (b) Both A and B are false.
• (c) A is true, but B is false.
• (d) B is true, but A is false.

150. Choose the word nearest in meaning to ‘refrained’.

• (a) confined
• (b) stopped
• (c) agreed
• (d) found